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National constituent assembly
It was the revolutionary assembly formed by representatives of the Third Estate from June 17 to July 9, 1789. It was replaced by the Legislative Assembly on September 30,1791 and then the National Constituent Assembly (Assemblée Nationale Constituante). It would also be relevant for the Third Republic, the Fourth Republic and the Fifth Republic, when it was abolished. -
Formal Opening of the Estates General
The Estates General was a meeting of the three estates of France: clergy, nobility, and peasants. Summoned by King Louis XVI to deal with financial and societal crises, it ended with the Third Estate breaking from royal authority and forming a National Assembly. It is generally considered the start of the French Revolution -
Tennis Court Oath
The Tennis Court Oath was a key moment that started the French Revolution. The Tennis Court Oath was taken, there, the men of the National Assembly swore to never stop meeting until a constitution had been established.Their proposal was not opposed to the monarchy, bu they claimed they had the authority to build a constitutional governed, they challenged king Louis. A lot of people across Paris supported this. Most members of the First Estate would to join them, with some from the Second Estate. -
Storming of the Bastille
Conflict of the French Revolution. People were afraid that King Louis XVI was about to arrest France’s newly created National Assembly led a crowd of citizens to besiege the Bastille. As a victory by ordinary citizens over a great representation of the king’s power, the event quickly became a symbol of revolutionary struggle. -
The August Decrees
The August Decrees, were a set of 19 articles passed by the National Constituent Assembly during the French Revolution which stopped feudalism in France and made upper classes pay taxes.
Although many of the articles did not immediately go into effect, the decrees as a whole had a great impact on the destruction of France's oppressive Ancien Régime and made it easier for future developments in equality and human rights to come. -
Declaration of the rights of Man and of the Citizen
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was born of an idea of the Constituent Assembly, and precede it with a declaration of principles.
There were many proposals. The Constituent Assembly tasked five deputies: Démeunier, La Luzerne, Tronchet, Mirabeau et Redon. With examining the various draft declarations, combining them into a single one and presenting it to the Assembly.It sets out the rights: freedom, ownership, security, resistance to oppression. -
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Legislative Assembly
The Legislative Assembly was the national parliament of France during the Revolutionary and Second Republic periods. It was created in 1791 and replaced by the National Convention in 1792. Napoleon III dissolved it in 1851, ending the republic shortly after. -
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National convention
The National Convention was an elected assembly that governed France from September 20,1792, until October 26,1795, during the most critical period of the French Revolution. It numbered 749 deputies and its acts included the formal abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the republic. -
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1st French republic
The French Republic, also known as the First Republic in French history, was established on September 21, 1792, at the height of the French Revolution. Napoleon's proclamation of the First Empire in 1804 marked the end of the First Republic.
The National Convention's establishment and the Reign of Terror, the Thermidorian Reaction and the establishment of the Directory, and, finally, the foundation of the Consulate and Napoleon's ascent to power, all occurred during this time period. -
Assembly declares war on Austria
France and Austria had a complicated relationship in the second half of the 1700s. They were allies, but
they were both battling for control over European lands. Austria was keenly aware of the happenings in
France at the rise of the French Revolution. The Austrian emperor, Leopold II—successor to Joseph II and
another of Marie Antoinette’s brothers—was concerned. If revolutionaries could overpower the monarchy
in France(similar to what the American colonists had done to the British government). -
Storming of the Tuileries Palace
France was threatened by Prussia. The furious French citizens and the Revolutionaries took this as proof that their king was collaborating with the kings of Prussia and Austria. They demanded that the National Assembly depose him, the impassioned population of Paris and the National Guards who had gone over to the Revolutionary side marched on the Palace of the Tuileries to the sound of the Marseillaise. -
Execuiton of Louis XVI
The king resisted the advice of constitutional monarchists who wanted to reform the monarchy in order to save it.In June 1791, opposition to the monarchs had become so fierce that the two fled to Austria. During their trip, they were carried back to Paris. In November, evidence of Louis XVI’s counterrevolutionary intrigues with Austria and other foreign nations was discovered, and he executed -
Flight to Varennes
The Flight to Varennes is when royal family tried but failed to escape the French Revolution. King Louis XVI attempted to flee Paris on the night, originally wanting to go to the border fortress of Montmédy, the royal family was identified and detained in the town of Varennes. -
Execution of Robespierre
A series of events (The Coup of 9 Thermidor) were what led to his execution by guillotine on July 28,1793, a year after being elected to the Committee of Public Safety.
He was a big ally to the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror, having encouraged the execution of thousands of enemies of the Revolution. After his death the Committee of Public Safety lost its authority and bourgeois values, corruption, and military failure returned. -
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Directory
The french Directoire was a four-year government established in 1795-1799 during the Reign of Terror which contained the Corps Législatif (the legislature in france from 1795 to 1814). It was established by the Constitution of the Year III. It was made up of the Council of Five Hundred (men 30 years old or older), they proposed legislation, and the Council of Ancients (men 40 years or older) which had the power to accept or decline the propositions. It was abolished by Napoleon Bonaparte. -
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The Napoleonic Era
Napoleon ruled for 15 years, he wanted to establish a solid dynasty within France and to create a French-dominated empire in Europe. he wanted to consolidate his power, proclaiming himself emperor and starting a new aristocracy. He was almost constantly at war, with Britain his most common opponent but Prussia and Austria also joining successive coalitions. -
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The Consulate
The state of the consulate was backed by a number of Directory members and started a result of the state's coup on 18 Brumaire. Following that, a Napoleon Bonaparte-founded consulate was established, and Cambacérès and Lebrun were appointed as its first two consuls. First consul, Napoleon Bonaparte assumed control of the government. With the declaration of the empire in 1804, the consulate was eventually abolished. -
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The Empire
After the first French Republic collapsed, Napoleon Bonaparte established the French Empire, referred to as the Bonaparte Empire, which was a monarchical system of administration. Napoleon, who maintained a constitutional system of government and built his empire on the principles of the French Revolution, aimed to make France into a hegemonic force. Finally, Napoleon was able to reform political stability and build an infrastructure that would help the French bourgeoisie's businesses grow. -
Battle of Trafalgar
It was a naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, which established British naval supremacy for more than 100 years; it was fought west of Cape Trafalgar, Spain, between Cádiz and the Strait of Gibraltar. An army of 33 ships under Admiral Pierre de Villeneuve fought a British fleet of 27 ships under Admiral Horatio Nelson -
Battle of Austerlitz
The first engagement of the War of the Third Coalition and one of Napoleon’s greatest victories. His 68,000 troops defeated almost 90,000 Russians and Austrians nominally under General M.I. Kutuzov, forcing Austria to make peace with France (Treaty of Pressburg) and keeping Prussia temporarily out of the anti-French alliance. -
Battle of Leipzig
It was a decisive defeat for Napoleon, resulting in the destruction of what was left of French power in Germany and Poland; The battle was fought at Leipzig, in Saxony,.After his retreat from Russia in 1812, Napoleon mounted a new offensive in Germany in 1813. His armies failed to take Berlin, however, and were forced to withdraw west of the Elbe River. On October 16 he successfully thwarted the attacks of Schwarzenberg’s men from the south and Blücher’s men, but he failed to defeat either. -
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo marked the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, who conquered great part of Europe in the early 19th century. Napoleon seized control of the French government in 1799 and became emperor in 1804. Through the Napoleonic Wars, he expanded his empire across western and central Europe. The Battle of Waterloo, in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by the Prussians and the British (led by the Duke of Wellington), marked the end of his reign and of France’s domination in Europe.