-
World War One Conscription Crisis
Conscription The French were not in support of sending more troops to the European front because they felt they had already contributed enough. -
Creation of the Union Nationale Party
Creation of Union Nationale Party The Union Nationale was a Québec political party founded in 1935 and dissolved in 1989. The party won six provincial elections between 1936 and 1966. Maurice Duplessis was its charismatic leader until his death in 1959. The party of a generation, the Union Nationale defended provincial autonomy, conservatism, economic liberalism and rural life. -
Period: to
The Duplesiss Era/The Great Darkness
-
World War Two Conscription Crisis
Conscription PM King promised that there would be no conscription however English Canada put lots of pressure for total mobilization of manpower. -
Period: to
The Duplesiss Era/The Great Darkness
-
1960s Separatist Movement
Separatism refers to the advocacy of separation or secession by a group or people from a larger political unit to which it belongs. In Canada, it is a term commonly associated with various movements or parties in Québec since the 1960s, most notably the Parti Québécois and the Bloc Québécois. These parties have also used the terms "sovereignty," "sovereignty-association" and "independence" to describe their primary goal, although each of these concepts has a somewhat different meaning. -
Quiet Revolution Begins
Quiet Revolution he Quiet Revolution (Révolution tranquille) was a time of rapid change experienced in Québec during the 1960s. This vivid yet paradoxical description of the period was first used by an anonymous writer in The Globe and Mail. Although Québec was a highly industrialized, urban and relatively outward-looking society in 1960, the Union Nationale party, in power since 1944, seemed increasingly anachron -
Maitre Chez Nous (Jean Lesage, Liberal Party Campaign slogan)
maitres chez nous he maîtres chez nous ("masters in our own house") philosophy that permeated the government and its reforms was bound to have an influence on Federal-Provincial Relations. The Lesage government demanded a review of federal policy and won a major victory following a stormy First Ministers' conference in 1964. After initially approaching the federal government for additional funds to meet its needs, Lesage withdrew Québec from several cost-sharing programs — such as pensions, health care, and tax -
Canada’s New Flag
Canadas new flag When Lester B. Pearson, as leader of the Official Opposition, raised the flag question again in 1960, national unity was threatened by a growing separatist movement in Québec. Many Canadians had become attached to the Canadian Red Ensign, which they believed to be their national flag, while others still clung to the Union Jack. Since 1948, Québec viewed its provincial flag, the Fleurdelisé, as its national emblem.
In 1964, artist and heraldic advisor Alan B. Beddoe presented Pearson with a fla -
Canada’s Immigration Policy becomes “Colour Blind”
[Canada becomes multicultural](www2.sd35.bc.ca/.../Canada%20Becomes%20Multicultural.pptx) Up until the 1960's, Canada's immigration policy was racist, but in the 1960's they started to treat all immigrants equally regardless of where they came from. They now admitted immigrants based on a point system that involved education and employment prospects. -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
Trudeau becomes Prime minister When Canada’s then prime minister, Lester Pearson, retired in 1967, Trudeau campaigned for leadership of the Liberal Party. His ideas were popular, and on April 6, 1968, he won the post. His election as prime minister benefited from an unprecedented wave of youth involvement. “Trudeaumania,” as it was called, was the nickname given to the excitement brought on by throngs of teenagers w -
Official Languages Act passed,
Official languages act The Official Languages Act (1969) is the federal statute that made English and French the official languages of Canada. It requires all federal institutions to provide services in English or French on request. The Act was passed on the recommendation of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (established by Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau) and given royal assent on 9 September 1969. It created the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, which oversees its implem -
the War Measures Act
October crisis As CBC reporter Tim Ralfe questioned the Prime Minister concerning the armed soldiers on Parliament Hill, Trudeau responded with a now-famous diatribe: "Well, there are a lot of bleeding hearts around who just don't like to see people with helmets and guns. All I can say is, go on and bleed. But it's more important to keep law and order in this society than to be worried about weak-kneed people who don't like the looks of..." Ralfe interrupted: "At any cost? How far would you go with that? How -
FLQ Crisis aka October Crisis,
FLQ Crisis The October Crisis began 5 October 1970 with the kidnapping of James CROSS, the British trade commissioner in Montréal, by members of the Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ). It rapidly devolved into the most serious terrorist act carried out on Canadian soil after another official, Minister of Immigration and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte, was kidnapped and killed. -
Policy of Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism The federal government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau declared its commitment to the principle of multiculturalism in 1971 and in so doing formalized a policy to protect and promote diversity, recognize the rights of Aboriginal peoples, and support the use of Canada’s two official languages. This led to the establishment in 1973 of the Ministry of Multiculturalism as well as the Canadian Consultative Council on Multiculturalism. -
Bill 22 introduced by Robert Bourassa
-
Immigration policy moves to ‘sponsorship program’
-
Bill 101 introduced by Parti Quebecois, Rene Levesque
Bill 101 Introduced by Camille Laurin, Bill 101, Charte de la langue française (1977), made French the official language of government and of the courts in the province of Québec, as well as making it the normal and habitual language of the workplace, of instruction, of communications, of commerce and of business. -
Parti Quebecois wins provincial election on Quebec
PQ In Québec’s 1973 provincial general election, the results were even more disappointing for the PQ: only six PQ candidates were elected, even though the party took 30.2 per cent of the popular vote, while the Liberals, led by Robert Bourassa, took 102 seats out of 110. But in 1976, the PQ finally emerged victorious, trouncing the Liberals while capturing 41.4 per cent of the vote and 71 seats. The PQ victory was attributable largely to an electoral strategy nimbly executed by Claude Morin, in w -
Bill 101 passed
Bill 101 Introduced by Camille Laurin, Bill 101, Charte de la langue française (1977), made French the official language of government and of the courts in the province of Québec, as well as making it the normal and habitual language of the workplace, of instruction, of communications, of commerce and of business. -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
Referendum A Québec referendum, called by the PARTI QUÉBÉCOIS (PQ) government, was held on 20 May 1980 to ask the people of Québec for a mandate to negotiate, on an equal footing, a new agreement with the rest of Canada, thus honouring the promise it had made in 1976 to hold a REFERENDUM before taking steps toward a sovereign Québec. -
Patriation of the Constitution.
Constitution In 1982, Canada "patriated" its Constitution, transferring the country's highest law, the British North America Act, from the authority of the British Parliament — a connection from the colonial past — to Canada's federal and provincial legislatures. The Constitution was also updated with a new amending formula and a Charter of Rights — changes that occurred after a fierce, 18-month political and legal struggle that dominated headlines and the agendas of every government in the country.
Refer -
Constitution Act
Constitution act The Constitution Act, 1867, originally known as the British North America Act (BNA Act) was the law passed by the British Parliament creating the Dominion of Canada at Confederation. -
Bloc Quebecois Formed
BQ The Bloc Québécois is a federal political party that was created officially on 15 June 1991 (registered by Elections Canada on 11 September 1993). It currently runs candidates in 75 Québec ridings. Founded as a parliamentary movement composed of Québec MPs who left the Conservative and Liberal parties after the failure of the Meech Lake Accord (see also Meech Lake Accord: Document), the party promotes Québec's interests and Québec sovereignty in the House of Commons. The Bloc was led by former -
Reform Party Created
Reform Party The Reform Party of Canada was a Western-based political party that grew out of a coalition of discontented Western interest groups. The coalition began in 1986 as an attempt to voice Western concerns at the national level. In May 1987, however, the Reform Association of Canada voted to support a broadly based party to voice Western economic and constitutional concerns. The party was officially founded in Winnipeg in the fall of 1987 and chose as its leader Preston Manning, son of former Alber -
Meech Lake Accord
Meech Lake Accord In 1987 the Progressive Conservative government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney attempted to win Québec's consent to the revised Canadian Constitution — following the Québec government's rejection of it in 1981. The result was the Meech Lake Accord, an agreement between the federal and provincial governments to amend the Constitution by strengthening provincial powers and declaring Québec a "distinct society." Political support for the Accord later unravelled, and it was never put into effect -
Deptartment of Multiculturalism formed
Department of multiculturalism A Ministry of Multiculturalism was created in 1973 to monitor the implementation of multicultural initiatives within government departments. In addition, formal linkages between the government and ethnic organizations were established to provide permanent input into the decision-making process. An example was the Canadian Consultative Council on Multiculturalism, established in 1973 and later renamed the Canadian Ethnocultural Council. -
Charlottetown Accord
Charlottetown Accord The Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was a failed, joint attempt by the government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. The Accord would have also decentralized many federal powers to the provinces, and it was ultimately rejected by Canadian voters in a referendum. -
Parti Quebecois returned to power
BQ returned to power In the Québec general election of 1989, the Parti Québécois proposed to hold a series of “sectoral referendums” on individual constitutional jurisdictions such as language if it took power, but lost to Bourassa’s Liberals again, carrying only 29 seats and receiving 40 per cent of the vote. Polls showed support for the sovereignist option rising once more, however, in the wake of the failure of the Meech Lake Accord on 22 June 1990. Jacques Parizeau’s troops played a leading role in organizing -
2 nd Referendum on Sovereignty Association
-
Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision
Clarity Billl The events that led to the tabling of Bill C-20 (colloquially known as the "Clarity Bill") in the House of Commons on 10 December 1999, subsequent to the Supreme Court decision in Reference re Secession of Quebec,* began prior to the Quebec referendum of 30 October 1995 and intensified in its aftermath. These events are described below in order to place Bill C-20 within the context of recent history and to show some of the factors that may have influenced its development.