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He became the first muslim caliph following after prophet Mohammed's death.
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A series of military campaigns launched by the Caliph Abu Bakr against rebel Arabian tribes during 632 and 633 AD, just after Muhammad died.
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Abu Bakr developed high fever and was confined to bed. His illness was prolonged, and when his condition worsened, he felt that his end was near. Realizing his death was near, he sent for Ali and requested him to perform his ghusl since Ali had also done it for Muhammad.
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Umar succeeds Abu Bakr as the Second Rightly Guided Caliph
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Umar ordered Gentiles and a group of Jews to sweep the area of the Temple Mount. Umar oversaw the work. The Jews who had come sent letters to the rest of the Jews in Palestine and informed them that Umar had permitted resettlement of Jerusalem by Jews. Umar, after some consultation, permitted seventy Jewish households to return.
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In 638, after the conquest of Syria, Umar dismissed Khalid because of his ever-growing fame and influence. He was quoted as doing this because he wanted the people to know that victory came from God, not the general.
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In 638 Arabia fell into severe drought followed by a famine. Bedouin people began to die because of hunger and epidemic disease. Soon the reserves of food at Medina began to run out, and Umar wrote to the provincial governors of Syria, Palestine, and Iraq for aid.
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Umar was assassinated by Persians in response to the Muslim conquest of Persia. The assassination was planned several months earlier.
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Uthman succeeds Umar ibn al Khattab and becomes the Third rightly Guided Caliph. He is said to be the most powerful and influential Muslim Caliphs in history.
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Uthman ibn Affan was said to be a assassinated by an opposing believer
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Ali ibn becomes the 4th and the last Rightly Guided Caliph
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Ali ibn Abi Talib was assassinated at Great Mosque of Kufa, Najaf Governorate, Iraq.
