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Leviathan was written in 1651 by Thomas Hobbes. Hobbes was one of the earliest enlightened thinkers. He strongly believed in an absolute monarchy that had fair rulers.
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Two Treatises of Government was written by John Locke in 1689. In it, he writes about how he doesn't believe in the divine right of kings. He uses the book to support what he believes to be natural rights that everyone is born with.
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The Spirit of Laws was written by Baron de Montesquieu in 1748. He wrote it to explain social institutions and laws.
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The Social Contract was written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1758. It is about the theory that people let the government control them in exchange for protection.
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The estates general met in 1789 to discuss whether or not the nobles should be taxed. The estates general was made up of three people representing the nobles, the clergy and peasants. Peasants were often outvoted because their interests differed greatly from the interests of the clergy and nobles.
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In 1789 angry peasants took over an abandoned tennis court and refused to leave. The king thought that his life was in danger so he hired the Swiss Guard. The people in the tennis court took this as a threat.
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In 1789 the Bastille was stormed by angry peasants. They took guns and ammo and killed many, many people. The mob was lead by Pierre Hulin Stanislas.
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The great fear was a period in which peasants believed that the king was conspiring against them. Peasants slaughtered thousands of members of the third and second estates during this time. Took place around the start of the French revolution.
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The rights of man and citizen were published in 1789. It was a constitution based off of the successful American constitution. It covers civil rights.
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In 1791 a slave army led by Toussaint L'Ouverture attacked sugar plantations on St. Domingue. At the time, St. Domingue was the richest sugar island in the Caribbean. This was because of the exploitation of so many slaves.
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King Louis XVI was the king in power during a lot of the French revolution. He was married to Marie Antoinette. They were both executed in 1793 after failing to cross the border.
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The directory was a revolutionary government which was in power for 4 years. They passed a new constitution on December 15 1799. It was governed by 5 people.
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The war of knives occurred in 1799. It was also known as the war of the South. It was against Toussaint L'Ouverture ad his slave army against the Andre Rigaud and his army.
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In 1799, the French directory passed a new constitution. This also ended the revolution. It was called the constitution of the year VIII.
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After the war of knives was won by Toussaint L'Ouverture, he did many things. He was named governor for life and called a meeting to decide a new constitution. The constitution was signed in 1801.
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After the French were expelled from Haiti, Dessalines declared Haiti's independence. After this, Haiti became the first independent Black country in the entire Northern hemisphere.
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Mexico declared independence from Spain in 1810. The reason for this was that Mexicans wanted a government that could accommodate their needs like what America did decades before.
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In 1813 Simon Bolivar arrived in Venezuela. He did this to lead the invasion of Venezuela. Afterwards, he was called El Libertador.
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Peru declared independence from Spain in 1821. This when Lord Cochrane invaded Peru and declared himself dictator.
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Gran Columbia was formed after rebels led by Simon Bolivar defeated the Spanish Empire. After this, they fought each other. Venezuela and Ecuador shortly declared independence from Gran Columbia.
