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Charles 1 tried to introduce the English book of common prayers to the Scottish and there were immediate repercussions. Riots broke out and there began a rebellion in Scotland.
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Parliament was called to try and organize money for a army to combat the growing rebellion. The parliament said that they would give the money for the army if the king consulted their grievances from years back. The king refused to do this and disbanded the parliament.
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Charles 1 assembled a lack luster force to combat the insurgency in Scotland. This army was poorly trained and equipped and went against the will of the parliament that Charles had assembled (short parliament).
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After forming his own army against the will of the Parliament, a new parliament formed, (Long Parliament), that began to combat the interests of Charles. This eventually led to all out civil war with the battle of Edgehill marking the start on British soil.
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The Battle of Marston Moore could be described as the turning point of the British civil war. The Parliament troops were able to disband 2 armies of Charles's and broke the stale mate that had been held for 2 years. This also allowed time for the creation of the New Army which was a centralized military which was better trained and more effective than any of the forces Charles 1 could field. This directly led to the overall collapse of Charles's forces.
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After the defeat and eventual execution of of Charles 1, the British Parliament moved to create a republic. They became distrusting of monarchies for the time being and created a system of government that, though it had multiple houses, was still unchecked of power in many areas.
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Oliver Cromwell, who was the leader of the parliamentary forces during the English civil war, was elected lord protector. This title was the highest in the land with it giving hi control over the army.
