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The Battle of Yarmouk was led by Khalid Ibh al-Walid. This was a victory over the Byzantine army, which was made up of various Christian allies. -
The Aquitanian and Frankish forces fought against the Muslim forces of the Umayyad Caliphate. The Frankish won the battle which resulted in the withdrawal of the Umayyad forces from France. -
The battle of Manzikert was fought between the Seljuk Empire and the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine forces suffered a loss, which compromised their authority in Anatolia and Armenia. -
Known for commencing the First Crusade, Pope Urban II gathered the Council of Clermont. The pope summoned nobles and others to defend the Holy Land along with the Byzantine Empire from the Seljuk Turls. -
Imad al-Din Zengi led the Muslims in a siege against the Crusaders in Edessa, the frailest crusader state at the time. -
Imad ad-Din Zangi defeated the Christians and took the city of Edessa. -
Imad al-Din Zengi captured Saruj and led a blockade to Birejik. Once he died in 1146, his son Nur al-Din Zengi took on the leadership position of the Muslim army. -
The Battle of Hattin was a fight between the forces of the Saladin and the Crusader states of the Levant. The Saladin was victorious and solidified the decimation of the Christian Crusader forces. -
The Christian army of Castile fought the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula, resulting in the defeat of the Almohads. -
During The Fall of Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire captured the capital of the Byzantine Empire. This event destroyed the defenses of the Christians in Europe against the Muslim invasion, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.