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Born to pagan father and Christian mother.
Rebels Christianity in his teens.
Joins 'Manichees' at 18.
Turned to Neoplatonism to find philosophical answers. -
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Barbarian chief who converted to Christianity.
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Becomes a monk at age 20
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Formerly king of Scotland since age 1
Allowed church reform as long as it did not cause him to lose power as king -
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You only know what you experience
Reason explains theory & ideas
Observation is subjective (personal interpretations of experiences)
You cannot truly know the world beyond yourself -
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Commoners declare The Rights of Man
Abolish tithes
Regained church land
Bishops and priests were elected by the people
The church split - Catholics (loyal to Rome) and the Revolution
Peasants developed a democratic parliment
Aristocrats and “traitors” of the revolution were beheaded
Faith was replaced with ideas of reason -
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Grew up pietist in Germany
Experienced intellectual doubts about atonement and the incarnation
Became a Reformed Chaplin in Berlin
Wrote Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers -
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Called by Pope Pius IX
The agenda included many topics:
Marriage
Morals
Education
Duelling
The most important topic was papal infallibility
The Pope cannot err when speaking as a pastor to the people on subjects concerning faith and morals
The vote passed. The minority that disagreed formed the Old Catholics, but the rest approved total papal infallibility -
Parham emphasised the gift of the Holy Spirit - speaking in tongues - that was given at Pentecost (Acts 2)
Lead a nationwide revival tour where his students could speak in tongues
Found that no one understood the “language” so tongues was then reserved for personal worship
Pentecostalism became a branch off the Holiness Movement
The 3rd blessing for a Christian was receiving the baptism of the Holy Spirit -
Denominational splits made missionary work hard
The conference gathered with 1,200 to discuss unification for missions
The International Ministry Council
Life and Work Movement
The Faith and Order Movement -
The war brought about changes in faith and toleration for religion
Christian liberals in America realized moral progress was not enough
Religion took the back burner and progress, entertainment, and politics became more important -
A Swiss Reformed pastor
Most of Barth’s teachers signed a manifesto that agreed to the violence that started the war and believed that “salvation” was found in Germany victory -
Condemned liberal Christianity
Christianity is about God, not us
The Bible is the Word of God and how we know him -
Hitler pushes forward Nazi neo-paganism
Jews are discriminated against and many are killed
Pope Pius XI dies and leaves things to Pope Pius XII
Pope Pius XII did not try to stop Hitler
Christians learned through the Holocaust that Anti-Semitism needed to stop
State of Israel was established in 1948 but Islam fought back -
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Introduced apartheid (a policy of segregation based on race)
Considered blacks to be inferior
Whites had absolute power
Banned marriage between whites and blacks
The Dutch Reformed Church agreed, but other churches did not -
The ecumenical movement united Order and Faith with Life and Work
Formed in Amsterdam in 1948
Agreed to a simple Christian creed
Wanted local church to unit and worship together
Multiple evangelical churches dismissed it for being to liberal
Pope Pius XII accepted it -
Foreign missionaries were pushed out
Chinese Christians looked forward to creating a “non-western” Christianity
Christians places were shut down -
Baptist pastor in Alabama
Fought for racial equality
Believed in peaceful boycotts to gain equality
King worked to remove segregation from local places and give black Americans the right to vote -
The Holiness Movement (post-civil war) → Pentecostalism → The Charismatic Movement
Spread teachings of Holy Spirit baptism to other churches
Gifts of tongues and healing -
Almost stopped by the Cuban Missile Crisis
Pope John XXIII gathered 2,500 participants
Rahner and Kung were his chief theological advisors
Little was accomplished before Pope John’s death
Pope Paul VI was able to continue the council -
A peaceful protest lead by Martin Luther King Jr.
King gives his iconic “I Have a Dream” speech
1964 - Segregation is outlawed in the USA
Blacks earned the right to vote -
Debated its mission policy
Missions = working to better society?
Missions = saving souls for Christ?
Agreement that missions was about both society and salvation -
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Attendance dropped by a quarter through the decade
Census showed that at least three-quarters still had Christian beliefs -
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Anglo-Catholics were not in favor of this vote
The decision was seen as a set-back to ecumenical discussion
Still, half of male ministers would not take communion with women -
Charismatic Christians had been predicting a revival for many years
At the group received what they called the “toronto blessing”
A new, more intense form of spirituality was formed
Falling down, shaking, laughing, animal impressions
Manifestations of the spirit
The Toronto blessing and Alpha course promoted one another for evangelism -
Saudi Muslim leader
Declared defensive jihad against USA to liberate Jerusalem mosque
Believed God would reward Muslims who killed Americans and took their money
Al-qaeda network attacks US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania - killing 224 people -
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