-
Period: 1483 to 1546
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
He is a key theologian and a german monk who didn't believe that it was possible for a priest to forgive sins through indulgences. He challenged the authority of the church. -
Period: 1494 to 1536
William Tyndale (1494-1536)
A counselor of Henry the VIII and the first person to translate the Bible into English. -
Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of Henry VIII (1491-1547; reigned 1509-47)
King who opposed the political power of the Catholic Church in England and the fact that the Church had the power to force him to do things. He wanted to increase his own power over the kingdom. -
1532
Annulment of the marriage (1532)
Worried about his succession, HenryVIII decided to get a divorce since he got no male heir from his wife, Catherine of Aragon. In order to do that he needs the approval of a Pope but Catherine was the aunt of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain, and major political power in Italy. The Pope was under political pressure to refuse granting Henry his divorce. -
1533
Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533)
Created in order to prevent the annulment from being unvalidated by the pope. Is says that people could not appeal to the Pope to overturn Henry’s authority. -
1534
Act of Supremacy (1534)
It establishes the head of the state as the head of the Church which completes the break between the Church of England and the catholic Church. -
1536
Ten Articles (1536)
They push further into Protestantism. -
1536
Act of Union with Wales (1536)
-
1536
Pilgrimage of Grace (1536)
Rebellion against changes in religion (among other things like politics and economics) -
Period: 1536 to 1541
Monasteries abolished and lands confiscated & sold in by Henry and his counsellors (1536-1541)
He gave a few reasons but they were possibly overestimated. We believe that the actual reason is that since Henry broke with Rome he was afraid that some of his vassals and landlords, that were still catholic, might decide that he isn’t a great monarch and get rid of him; he then decided to take money and land from the monasteries in order to give it to them so they wouldn’t rebel. -
Period: 1537 to 1553
Edward VI (1537-53; reigned 1547- 53).
Son of Jane Seymour (Henry’s 3rd wife). He was raised a Protestant (through his uncle, Edward Seymour). He died at 15 years old. A 6-year reign isn’t long enough to force people to change the ways they grew up in. -
1539
Six Articles (1539)
They replace the previous Ten Articles. They are more “Catholic” since they highlight the importance of transubstantiation. -
1539
The Great Bible (1539)
It was the first authorized edition of Bible (of the Church of England) in the English language. It was, in part, based on Coverdale’s 1535 adaptation of Tyndale’s banned translation. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
After Protestantism gained ground in Europe in the 16th century, there was a movement led by the Catholic Church to fight the influence of Protestantism and reform the doctrines of Catholicism. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I (1516-58; reigned 1553-58)
She restored Papal authority and Catholic worship and persecuted those who were protestants which led her to get the reputation of "bloody Mary". She reigned for 5 years which again isn’t long enough to impose even an old system of religion. -
1554
Attempted coup against Mary I (1554)
-
Period: 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth I (1533-1603; reigned 1558-1603)
Shs is the daughter of Anne Boleyn (Henry VIII’s 2nd wife) and was educated a Protestant unlike Mary. Her reign had 3 main aspects: the religious peace & Reformation, the political stability and the development of English power. -
1559
Act of Supremacy (1559)
She isn’t the “head of the Church of England” but the “Supreme Governor” since it sounded off for a woman to be called “head of the Church of England” at that time. -
1559
Treason Act (1559)
-
1559
Book of Common Prayer (1559)
There where written informations about how worship is supposed to be conducted inside the Church of England. It was relatively conservative in terms of liturgy since it borrows the ceremonial aspect of Catholicism but on the other hand the theological content was protestant which means: no purgatory and no transubstantiation. -
1563
39 articles (1563)
They established the theology of the Church if England as reformed. It is more Calvinist in theology but more catholic in liturgy and church government (episcopacy) -
1571
Treason Act (1571)
-
1581
Treason Act (1581)
-
Mary plots against Elizabeth I (1586)
She is the Queen of Scots and a Catholic. Se also isn't popular with Elisabeth’s advisors. She is executed in 1587 -
Attempted Spanish invasion by the “Invincible Armada” (1588))
They got defeated (with the help of the weather) -
Period: to
Nine Year’s War/Tyrone’s Rebellion (1593-1603)
It was against Plantations which was the implantation of English nobles in Ireland, they expropriated Irish landowners. -
James VI takes over (1603)
He is a Scottish Protestant.