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Period: 1285 to 1314
Religious / Political - Philip IV
He wanted to tax the church which caused conflict between him and Pope Boniface VIII, who told his clergy members not to. He ended up backing down, stating that the french king could tax the church in times of emergency (which the king decides). Philip IV also imprisoned a French Bishop, which the pope stated was illegal. The pope threatened to excommunicate him, so the king captured him. The pope died while in captivity. -
Period: 1294 to 1303
Religious - Pope Boniface VIII
The span of his Papacy. -
Period: 1300 to 1400
Economic - Inflation
Due to a lack of available silver coins were debased; this hurt the nobility. In order to make up for their lost income, lords and knights turned to plundering / warfare. -
Period: 1301 to 1317
Crisis - Famine
Multiple conditions such as poor farming practices and a decrease in animal husbandry led to a shortage of food. Malnutrition and death by starvation was rampant. -
1303
Religious - Papal Bull Unam Sanctam
Pope Boniface VIII attempted to uphold the idea that the Papacy was above secular rulers. "...We declare...that it is altogether necessary to salvation for every human creature to be subject to the Roman Pontiff." However, despite this bold statement they have no way of enforcing it and thus this further exacerbated the decline of the Papacy. -
Period: 1309 to 1377
Religious - Babylonian Captivity
Without an influx of Italian income, the Papacy became heavily reliant on France. They became viewed as a mere tool of the French monarchs and this, coupled with their indulgence in luxury and lack of care for what the general public wanted, resulted in a growth in anti-papal sentiment. -
1320
Religious - John Wycliffe is Born
He's born in England and eventually grows up to challenge the church. He stressed individual relationships with God, denounced the clergy, and stated that the church was not the way towards salvation. His followers will be known as Lollards and will be persecuted; the church tells him to stop, which he does, and they let him live his life out in peace. -
Period: 1320 to 1415
Religious - 14th Century Heresies
There were two men who both stressed that the church was not the means to salvation, but rather an individual's relationship with God was. The church did not agree.The men garnered a lot of support and therefore the church wanted to silence them. -
Feb 1, 1328
Political - Charles IV's Death
He dies from tuberculosis without a son, leaving no male heir. -
1331
Crisis - Black Plague Originates
It began in Mongolia. -
Period: 1331 to 1351
Crisis - Black Plague
Otherwise known as the Bubonic plague, this disease originated in Mongolia. It was spread by rats on trade ships, whom carried fleas that were infected, and the starving populations fell ill easily. 20 million people died (25% mortality rate) and it plummeted the economy. -
Period: 1337 to 1453
Warfare - The Hundred Years' War
The vassal system resulted in English kings, whom were vassals to French kings, owning more of France then the native monarchies did. When Charles IV (French) died with no male heir, Edward III (English) believed he had a right to the throne. The two sides disagreed and thus the war started. -
Aug 26, 1346
Warfare - Battle of Crécy
First of three major victories for the English during the Hundred Years' War. -
1347
Crisis - Black Plague Reaches Sicily
Sicily is a trading hub, so when the plague reaches it, it explodes rapidly into an epidemic. -
1351
Crisis - Black Plague Ends
The disease had stuck around in England, specifically London. Finally, a cold winter killed off the infected fleas and so the reign of the black death finally ended. -
Sep 19, 1356
Warfare - Battle of Poitiers
Edward III's eldest son, Edward (the black prince) captured John II. It was an English victory and therefore a major blow to the french. -
May 8, 1360
Political - Treaty of Brétigny
Ends the first part of the Hundred Years' war; occurs when Edward (the black prince) captures John II (french) at the Battle of Poitiers. A serious setback for the French. -
1369
Religious - Jan Hus is Born
Bohemia. He preaches much of the same things Wycliffe does and advocated for vernacular translations of the Bible. His followers were known as Hussites and were also persecuted. -
1377
Religious / Political - The Papal Schism Begins
The Roman Catholic Church is divided due to the election of two popes, which is then attempted to be remedied though that simply results in there being three popes at once. -
Period: 1378 to 1417
Religious / Political - The Papal Schism
There were three men elected as pope at the same time. -
1384
Religious - John Wycliffe Dies
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1412
Political - Joan of Arc's Birth
Jeanne d'Arc is born; she will claim to be spoken to by God as a teenager, stating that he urged her to lead France against England in the Hundred Years' War. -
Period: 1414 to 1418
Religious / Political - Council of Constance
A council was devised to end the schism within the Roman Catholic Church / Papacy. -
1415
Religious - Jan Hus Dies
The church told him to stop preaching, much like they did with Wycliffe, yet when he complied they killed him. -
Oct 25, 1415
Warfare - Battle of Agincourt
The last of the three major English victories in the Hundred Years' war. It appeared that the war would end in Britain conquering France. -
1417
Religious / Political - The Papal Schism Ends
The Council of Constance sorts out the issue and declares the true pope, reunifying the church. -
1424
Culture - La Danse Macabre
An art genre that aimed to remind everyone of how death is universal and imminent. Oldest known mural originated in France, dating back to 1424. -
Period: Oct 12, 1428 to May 8, 1429
The Siege of Orléans
First major victory for the French army during the Hundred Years' War. -
1429
Warfare - Liberation of Orleans
Joan of Arc and the french army liberated the city of Orleans during the war. -
May 30, 1431
Political - Joan of Arc's Death
The English troops capture her and burn her at the stake after claiming she was a witch. She is now regarded as a saint. -
Oct 19, 1453
Political - End of the Hundred Years' War
Bordeaux surrendered, ending the war and leaving Calais as the only English-owned territory in all of France.
