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Period: Jan 1, 1000 to Dec 31, 1450
High Medieval Era
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May 15, 1016
Cabute the Great becomes King of England
After the death of Edmund Ironside, Canute the Great becomes King of England. The Danish will presede to be kings of England for another 26 years. -
May 15, 1018
The Byzantines under Basil II conquer Bulgaria
This concludes the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria, a 50 year struggle between the Byzantine and Bulgarian empire. It reestablished control over the entire Balkan peninsula for the first time since the 7th-century Slavic invasions -
May 15, 1037
The Great Seljuk Empire is founded by Taghril Beg
the Empire would be a major force during the first two Crusades. -
May 15, 1049
Pope Leo ascends to the papal throne
Leo IX was the pope that excommunicated Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius which caused the Great Schism. He also will soom start the Council ofTrent. -
May 15, 1054
The East-West Schism
It divided the church into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. -
May 19, 1059
The reforming popes issue a decree on papal elections
Following the acts of Henry III, which gives the cardinals sole right of appointing new popes. This decree allows papal elections to escape the whims of political leaders. -
May 15, 1067
Pope Gregory VII elevated to the papal throne.
His dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirmed the primacy of papal authority and the new canon law. This begins a period of church reform. -
May 15, 1075
Dictatus Papae
27 statements of powers arrogated to the Pope that was included in Pope Gregory VII's register. Includes:
1. That the Roman church was founded by God alone.
2. That the Roman pontiff alone can with right be called universal. -
May 18, 1095
Pope Urban issues the Crusades
Issued to capture the Holy Land, and to repel the Seljuk Turks from the Byzantine Empire. A number of other crusades that would spread into the late 13th century. -
May 18, 1096
First Crusade
Jerusalem is re-taken from the Muslims on the urging of Pope Urban II. This would lead to the beginning of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which would last for nearly two centuries. -
May 19, 1099
The crusaders of the First Crusade capture Jerusalem
The Crusaders divide their new territories into four principalities. -
May 18, 1118
The Knights Templar are founded
Used to protect Jerusalem and European pilgrims on their journey to the city. Becomes the most recognized orders during the Crusades. -
May 19, 1122
Concordat of Worms
Concordat between Pope Calixtus and German monarchy officially ends Investiture Controversy with the decision that only popes may invest bishops, but monarchs are allowed to be present. -
Nov 17, 1184
Pope Lucius III issues the papal bull Ad Abolendam.
Sets up the organization of the medieval inquisition. -
May 19, 1187
Saladin recaptures Jerusalem
Would lead to the Third Crusades. -
May 19, 1189
The Third Crusade
Follows upon Saladin's uniting the Muslim world and recapturing Jerusalem. Despite managing to win several major battles, the Crusaders did not recapture Jerusalem. -
May 19, 1198
Pope Innocent III takes the papal throne
Launches and excommunicates Fourth Crusade. Insists on temporal powers of a centrally-controlled Church. Protects and crowns Frederick II. Recognizes Francis of Assisi. Holds Lateran councils. -
May 19, 1206
St. Francis of Assisi begins his allegiance to Jesus
He is the founder of the Franciscan order which seeks to imitate the life of Jesus by embracing poverty. St. Francis wins the support of Pope Innocent III. -
May 19, 1209
Founding of the Franciscan Order
One of the more significant orders in the Roman Catholic church, founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. -
May 19, 1215
Fourth Lateran Council
Organized by Innocent III in Rome in order to discuss and define central dogmas of Christianity. It recognizes the necessity of the Eucharist and penance as sacraments for salvation. -
May 19, 1272
The Ninth Crusade occurs.
Considered to be the Last Major Crusade to take place in the Holy Land. -
May 19, 1274
, Summa Theologica is published
Thomas Aquinas' work, Summa Theologica is published, after his death. Is the main staple of theology during the Middle Ages. -
May 19, 1307
Beginning of the Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy
During which the Popes moved to Avignon. Begins a period of over seven decades of the Papacy outside of Rome that would be one of the major factors of the Western Schism. -
Oct 13, 1307
The Knights Templar ends
Rounded up and murdered by Philip the Fair of France, with the backing of the Pope. Hastens the demise of the order within a decade. -
May 19, 1396
The Battle of Nicopolis.
The last great Crusade fails. -
May 19, 1417
The Council of Constance ends
The Western Schism comes to a close, and elects Pope Martin V as the sole pope. -
May 19, 1439
Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press
Literature, News, etc. becomes more accessible throughout Europe. Works of reform and protenstantism are easily accessible -
Nov 10, 1444
Battle of Varna
Final battle of the Crusade of Varna; Ottomans are victorious over the Hungarian-Polish armies, and Władysław III of Poland dies.
