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After the death of Edmund Ironside, Canute the Great becomes King of England. The Danish will presede to be kings of England for another 26 years.
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This concludes the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria, a 50 year struggle between the Byzantine and Bulgarian empire. It reestablished control over the entire Balkan peninsula for the first time since the 7th-century Slavic invasions
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the Empire would be a major force during the first two Crusades.
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Leo IX was the pope that excommunicated Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius which caused the Great Schism. He also will soom start the Council ofTrent.
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It divided the church into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.
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Following the acts of Henry III, which gives the cardinals sole right of appointing new popes. This decree allows papal elections to escape the whims of political leaders.
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His dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirmed the primacy of papal authority and the new canon law. This begins a period of church reform.
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27 statements of powers arrogated to the Pope that was included in Pope Gregory VII's register. Includes:
1. That the Roman church was founded by God alone.
2. That the Roman pontiff alone can with right be called universal. -
Issued to capture the Holy Land, and to repel the Seljuk Turks from the Byzantine Empire. A number of other crusades that would spread into the late 13th century.
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Jerusalem is re-taken from the Muslims on the urging of Pope Urban II. This would lead to the beginning of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which would last for nearly two centuries.
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The Crusaders divide their new territories into four principalities.
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Used to protect Jerusalem and European pilgrims on their journey to the city. Becomes the most recognized orders during the Crusades.
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Concordat between Pope Calixtus and German monarchy officially ends Investiture Controversy with the decision that only popes may invest bishops, but monarchs are allowed to be present.
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Sets up the organization of the medieval inquisition.
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Would lead to the Third Crusades.
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Follows upon Saladin's uniting the Muslim world and recapturing Jerusalem. Despite managing to win several major battles, the Crusaders did not recapture Jerusalem.
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Launches and excommunicates Fourth Crusade. Insists on temporal powers of a centrally-controlled Church. Protects and crowns Frederick II. Recognizes Francis of Assisi. Holds Lateran councils.
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He is the founder of the Franciscan order which seeks to imitate the life of Jesus by embracing poverty. St. Francis wins the support of Pope Innocent III.
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One of the more significant orders in the Roman Catholic church, founded by Saint Francis of Assisi.
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Organized by Innocent III in Rome in order to discuss and define central dogmas of Christianity. It recognizes the necessity of the Eucharist and penance as sacraments for salvation.
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Considered to be the Last Major Crusade to take place in the Holy Land.
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Thomas Aquinas' work, Summa Theologica is published, after his death. Is the main staple of theology during the Middle Ages.
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During which the Popes moved to Avignon. Begins a period of over seven decades of the Papacy outside of Rome that would be one of the major factors of the Western Schism.
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Rounded up and murdered by Philip the Fair of France, with the backing of the Pope. Hastens the demise of the order within a decade.
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The last great Crusade fails.
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The Western Schism comes to a close, and elects Pope Martin V as the sole pope.
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Literature, News, etc. becomes more accessible throughout Europe. Works of reform and protenstantism are easily accessible
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Final battle of the Crusade of Varna; Ottomans are victorious over the Hungarian-Polish armies, and Władysław III of Poland dies.
