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Constantine a ruler at the time moved the capitol of the roman empire to a new city called Constantinople. Which was founded on the site of the ancient Greek city Byzantium https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire -
The Byzantine Empire which is also known as the Eastern Roman Empire was the longest lasting Empire. The Byzantine Empire was also known for the Eastern Orthodox Church and the way they spread Christianity throughout Europe.
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The western empire failed to enforce its rule and the territories were divided into several successor polities. This empire ceased to exist when Germanic invaders overthrew the last Roman Emperor. The Eastern Empire survives and gets called the Byzantine Empire.
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Justinian the Great was the emperor from 527-565. He is best known for his work as legislator and codifier. He had a strong belief towards Christianity, he wrote laws to protect them and suppress paganism. His main goal was to reunite the Roman Empire.
https://rear-view-mirror.com/2018/08/01/today-in-history-justinian-i-becomes-sole-emperor-of-the-byzantine-empire/ -
The kingdoms of Lombard was a medieval state established by the Lombards. They were one of Germanic tribes that formed the Suebi and used to be their home in northwestern Germany. They migrate to Italy, which was defenseless after the Byzantine Empires army had overthrown the kingdom. They ended up taking Northern Italy from the Byzantines. -
Charlemagne, king of the Franks, is crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by Pope Leo III in Rome. For the first time in 300 years, there is an emperor of the "East" and an emperor of the "West". His goal was to reunite both parts of the Roman Empire and take control of the Byzantine Empire.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charlemagne -
Crusaders captured city of Antioch and also won Jerusalem. They killed any Jews or Muslims in the two cities. They let some live bur later sold to slavery. Some crusaders went back while some stayed and created four crusade kingdoms. Over 30,000 crusaders, 4 Nobles and Pope Urban II were involved. It took place for christians to gain control of Jerusalem and it put a stop to Seljuk Turks extend.
https://time.com/5696546/far-right-history-crusades/ -
Asia Minor became part of the eastern empire known as the Byzantine Empire. In 1121 they reconquest of southwestern Asia Minor. The Byzantine Army was defeated by the Sultanate of Rum at Myriokephalon, hopes of regaining Asia Minor are lost. The Byzantine empire is slowly coming to a fall at this point.
https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Asia-Minor/346087 -
It all came to an end when they were conquered by the Ottoman Turks, the Ottomans had been fighting the Byzantines for 100 years, the Byzantines had given up by now. The Byzantine become part of the Ottoman Empire.They had quite a few enemies like the Arabs, Seljuk Turks, Bulgars, Normans, Slavs, and Ottoman Turks Their enemies had caught up with military technology and their military slowly got weaker. Another reason was its political structure which lead the empire to many civil wars.