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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII's reign
Born in 1491, Henry VIII became King of England at the age of 17 in 1509. He had six wifes and three of his children reign after him: Edward; Mary and Elizabeth. He is one of the must famous and emblematic English Kings. -
1534
The Act of Supremacy and the schism
After the Act of Succession which made Anne Boleyn a legitimate Queen. The Act of Supremacy was made and the King was made "Supreme Head of the Church of England". The Pope excommunicated King's Henry VIII. -
1536
the dissolution of monasteries in England
Henry decided taht the monasterires were bastions of "popery". So the monasteries were disbanded and the Crown appropriated their income and lands. That leads to a huge impact on: nuns and monks; social fabric of communities and clergy's finances. -
Period: 1536 to 1537
Pilgrimage of Grace
The dissolution process was interrupted by rebellious in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. These were the greatest rebellious ever faced by a Tudor monarch. The "Pilgrimage of Grace" lasted 6 months. -
1537
An English Bible
The permission was given for an English Bible and not a Latine one. -
Period: Jan 28, 1547 to Jul 6, 1553
Edward VI reign
Edward VI was Henry VIII's and Jane Seymor's son, and became King at the age of 9. So, the new King's eldest uncle, Edward Seymor became Lord Protecter. -
1549
The Book of Common Prayers
The Book of Common Prayers was published and impossed; that led to rebellious in Cornwall and Devon. By the way, Roman Catholic practices were eradicated and the marriage of clergy was allowed. -
Period: Jul 6, 1553 to Nov 17, 1558
Mary I reign
In 1553 Edward VI died of tuberculosis and Mari I became the first Queen of Englad. Mary I was the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. She was 37 years old and married to the Catholic King of Spain Philip II, when she became Queen of England. -
Jul 7, 1555
Bloody Mary
Mary I repealed the Protestant legislation of her father and half brother and she restored Catholicism in 18 months. For that Protestants were declared heretics and were burned. In fact, more than 200 protestants went to the stake until 1558. -
Period: Nov 17, 1558 to
Elizabeth I
Mary I death was greeted because she had turn the nation against her. She asked her half-sister Elizabeth to swear thet she would carry on the Catholic Reform.
Elizabeth I is Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn daughter and also a protestant. She became queen at 25 and had to appease religious tensions after 25 years of religious changes. -
1559
New Legislation
1559:
- Act of Supremacy: Church organisation
-Act of Uniformity: Religious belief
1563-1571: the 39 articles of faith
In that way the Via Media, the Anglican Compromise. That's when the Anglican Church retained Catholic features and adopted new Protestants ones.
But Puritans wanted the Anglican Church to go further on with Protestantism. While Catholics were against religious reforms and wanted Catholicism back. -
Feb 25, 1570
Elizabeth's excommunication
After the Concil of Treat (1545-1563), where the Roman Catholic Church condemmed protestants heresies. The Pope Pius V issued the papal bull and excommuniated Elizabeth calling her "a heretic". -
1571
Treason acts
Anyone who would say that Elizabeth I was not the true Queen of England and Wales was considered traitor. -
1581
Repression of the Catholics
The 1581 act: provided for death penalty for any person converting or converted to Catholicism; it was forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic mass and Anglican services were compulsory (£ 20 per month fine). -
The Babington plot
Some young Catholics had sworn to Kill Elizabeth I and put Mary Queen of Scots on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Mary and this group. -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots was King James V of Scots and Mary the Guise daughter. She was the French King Francis II widow. In 1568, she was involved in a civil war in Scotland and had to fly to England. Elizabeth granted her shelter but kept her under close watch and Mary was imprisoned during 19 years. Mary was convicted for complicity of he Babington plot and sentence to death. -
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The Catholic King of Spain Philip II supported several plots against Elizabeth I. While she supported the Dutch Revolt against Spain. So the King of Spain attempted to invade England but he failed. Because England had material and human advantages. -
East India Company
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The Poor Laws
Poor Laws were passed in 1553, 1597 and 1601. It established the idea that central and local governments had a responsability for helping the poor. But also a distinction between "deserving" and "underserving" poor. -
Period: to
King James I of England and VI of Scotland
James I of England was Mary Queen of Scots' son. He became King of Scotland in 1567. He also was a stron believer in the divine rights of kings. -
The Gunpowder Plot
James I continued Elizabeth's harsh repressive laws, while the Catholics had placed high hopes in him. So a small group of Catholics tried to blow up Parliement and kill James I. -
Establishement of Jamestown, Virginia
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Period: to
The Starving Time in the colonies
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Great Contract
The king inherited a £100000 debt. By the way, JamesI was extravangant, he will spend money on gifts for his friends. The Great Contract will give the king a fixed sum but some members of the parliament feared that the King would not need to call Parliament anymore. That's why, the House of Commons refused to vote in favour of the Great Contract. -
King James' Bible
James had confirrmed -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' War
England had been military defeated and was at war with Spain and France. The war had consequences : the raising of troops (which had an important impact on the local population) and a huge strain on finances. -
Plymouth colony
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The Thirty Years' War
James I wanted to help his daughter and son in law with the Thirty years' war. By the way, England as a protestant power had to intervene. So James I summoned a parliament to ask for money for war. Parliament discus about foreign policy, which angered the King. This lead to the dissolution of the Parliament. -
The Caribbean colony
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Period: to
Charles I reign
Charles I was married to the French princess Henrietta Maria who was a Catholic. He favored a minority wing of Anglicans: the Arminians. Just like James I, he firmily believed in the divine right of Kings. -
Petition of Rights
The Members of the Parliament request the King to recognize the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, bulleting, martial laws, imprisonment without trial.( They wanted to get Charles I to recognise that there were limits to his power). Charles signed it but was furious. -
The Three Revolutions
Declared that :
-whoever tried to bring "popery or arminianism" or alter protestant reforms was an enemy of the Kingdom
-as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without the Parliament consent = act of defiance
The king imprisonned these members and dissolved the Parliament . -
Period: to
The Personal Rules
During those 11 years the King ruled without calling a Parliament. Archibishop Laud (Arminian) was determined to impose uniformity in church practice; which for many protestants saw this as a return to Catholicism. -
Maryland colony
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The Case of Burton, Pryne and Bastwick
Those 3 men had written pamphlets attacking Laud were put in the pillory and their ears were cut off. -
New Prayer Book
the introduction of the New Prayer Book (Book of Common Prayer) set Scotland aflame. -
Period: to
The Scottish crisis
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The Bishops' War
Petition oppossing Charles' religious policy: the Scottish National Covenant. Scotland and England both started to form an army. -
The Short Parliament
Charles I called Parliament for the first time in 11years, because he needed money to fight the Scots. Charles I dissolved Parliament after 3 weeks. -
Peace Treaty
The Scots invaded England and emerged victorious. With the treaty of Ripon: Charles was forced to pay the cost of the Scots' army -
The Irish Rebellion
Irish Catholics rebels rose up against Protestants settlers (massacre of 4000 protestants). -
The Militial Act
The army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament. -
The Grand Remonstrance
An important documentvoted by Parliament after heated debates. It summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I and coclued on "revolutionary" demands -
Charles I marched into the House of Commons
Charles I marched into the House of Commons with troops and attepted to arrest 5 Members of the Parliament. -
Charles declared war to Parliament
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Period: to
The 1st Civil War
The Royalists "Cavaliers" supported the King and were against the Parliamentarians "Roundheads" whom believed that the Parliament should make the laws. -
The New Model Army
A new army created; this was a national/centralized army -
Battle of Naseby
The battle of Naseby was a turning point and saw the Royalist forces weaken. -
The King and the Royalists surrendeered
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Charles surrendered to the Scots
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The New Model Army seized the King
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The King escaped from any custody
The King escaped from any custody and allied himself with the Scots -
The 2nd Civil War
The 2nd Civil War was made of a series of revolts in the South of England, Wales and Scotland. The Royalists were easily defeated by Cromwell. -
Pride's Purge
Colonel Ride entered the House of Commons, stopped the vote and arrested the 45 conservative leader of the Members of Parliament. -
Period: to
The 2nd Civil War
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King Charles I execution
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England was declared a Commonwealth
Monarchy and House of Lords abolished, England was declared a Commonwealth (republic) -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
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Period: to
The Interregnum
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Massacre of the Irish Royalist troops
Massacre of the Irish Royalist troops and civilians in Drogheda.
Wexford massacre -
Cromwell defeated the Scots Army
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Blasphemy Act
The Quaker James Nayler who imitated Christ's entry into Jerusalem was harshly punished -
The Instrument Of Government
England's first and only written constitution -
Cromwell dissolved the Rump
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Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
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English Invaded Jamaica
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Cromwell death
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Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda
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Period: to
Early Restoration
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The Restoration
With a general amnesty; the continuation of religious toleration and the share of power with the Parliament -
Act of uniformity
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New York colony
The English took over the Dutch colony of New Netherland and New Amsterdam became New York -
The Popish Plot
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Period: to
The Exclusion crisis
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Pennsylvania colony
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Charles' II death
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The Glorious Revolution
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Toleration Act
religious pluralism and freedom of worship for all protestants -
The Bill of Rights
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Ireland essentially a colony
By 1700, Ireland was essentially a client state
of Britain
Plantations under Elizabeth and James I
Conquest under Cromwell and William III -
The Act Settlement
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William death
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Act of union between England and Scotland
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Period: to
War of the Spanish Succession
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George I
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Period: to
George I reign
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The 1715 Jacobite Rising
Led by the “Old Pretender” James Francis Edward Stuart (the son of James II) -
THE WHIGS Dominated British politics from 1715 to the 1760s
The Whig Party
Had supported the Glorious Revolution
Dominated British politics from 1715 to the 1760s (challenges to Whig rule from 1760s onward) -
Gin craze
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Period: to
George II reign
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The 1745 Jacobite Rising
Led by the “Young Pretender” Bonnie Prince Charlie (the grandson of James II) -
Final defeat of the Jacobites
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Period: to
seven years' war
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Period: to
George III reign
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Period: to
Americain War of Independance
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Period: to
American Revolutionary War
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Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Independence. Grievances against George III -
Britain already had a huge Empire
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THE TORIES
The Tory Party
Had supported the Stuarts
Remained excluded from major positions until 1783 -
Treaty of Paris
Britain formally recognized the independence of the United States -
Outbreak of the French Revolution
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France -
Period: to
French Revolutionary Wars
Britain at war with France
Combatting revolutionary ideology + maritime, colonial and economic motives -
Irish Rebellion of 1798
an uprising against British rule in Ireland
Influenced by the ideas of the American and
French revolutions
Presbyterian radicals + Catholics
Rebels defeated (/atrocities) -
Second Act of Union
Craetion of the United Kingdom -
Acts of Union
Created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Merged the Parliament of Ireland into the
Parliament of the UK -
Peace of Amiens
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Period: to
Napoleonic wars
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Battle of Waterloo
End of the Napoleonic Wars.Napoléon Bonaparte was defeated
by Wellington’s Army during the battle of Waterloo -
Period: to
George IV reign
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Reform Act
gave the right to vote to 5% of the population in Britain