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Sandhurst Manifiesto
The Sandhurst Manifiesto was written by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo , the leader of the future Conservative Party, which helped achieve Queen Isabella II´s abdication, and the support of the bourgeoisie and the army. In the manifiesto he promised a constitutional government. -
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Reign of Alfonso XII
In 1875 the monarchy was restored under Alfonso XII of Bourbon, which was made posible through the political manoeuvring of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (leader of the Conservative Party), which helped achieve Queen Isabella II' abdication, the support of the burgeoisie and the army, and through a pronunciamiento by General Martínez Campos (29 December 1874). The political system during the Restoration rested on the Constitution of 1876 and the rotation of political parties. -
PSOE is founded
The Spanish Socialist Workers´ Party called PSOE was founded by Pablo Iglesias in 1879 and was consolidated by the huge surge in the labour movement during this period. -
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Regency of Maria Christina
The Restoration was maintained by the regency of Maria Christina, after the death of Alfonso XII while her son, Alfonso XIII, was still a child. -
Bases de Manresa
The Bases de Manresa, written by Prat de la Riba, were where the Catalan nationalism demanded oficial status for the Catalan language, the stablishment of Catalan political parties and courts, and Catalan autonomy. -
Treaty of Paris
Spain signed the Treaty of Paris, where they recognised the Independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines because Spanish fleets had been destroyed by the US in the Pacific and the Atlantic. -
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Reign of Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII acceded to the throne in a a political enviroment characterised by the influence of regenerationism, the crisis of Canovas del Castillo's political system and the deaths of Canovas and Sagasta. Its reign is divided in two stages: The continued practice of party rotation (1902-1917) and the crisis of the Cánovas system (1917-1923) which affected the military, politics and society areas. -
Tragic Week
During the reign of Alfonso XIII, the treaty signed at the Algeciras Conference divided Marocco in two protectorates: one in the north of Morocco under French control and the other in the south under Spanish control. Spanish occupation of its protectorate led to a war with the inhabitants of the Rif; a war that required reservists to be called up. This set off violents protests in Barcelona, which became known as the Tragic Week of 1909. -
Disaster of Annual
The Disaster of Annual was a brutal defeat in the Rif War of Spain against Morocco resulting in 10000 deaths and widespread public commotion, negatively influencing public opinión. -
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Distatorship of Primo de Rivera
This dictartorship went through two stages: the Military Directory (1923-1925) in which Primo de Rivera suspended the Constitution, prohibited political parties, disolved the Cortes, suppressed the labour movement and defeated the Moroccans; and the Civil Directory (1925-1930) in which the military victory in Morocco ad the economic boom helped Primo de Rivera maintain power until 1930. Finally, he was forced to resign due to the economic crisis, and other factors. -
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Second Spanish Republic
The Second Spanish Republic was declared on 14 April 1931. After that, a provisional government was formed made up of Republicans. socialists and nationalists. The left-wing parties drafted the Constitution of 1931, which stablished a wide range of rights and defined Spain as a "Republic of workers" and the republic went into three stages: the Reformist Biennium, Conservative Biennium and the Popular Front. -
Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic
Altough the King Alfonso XIII tried to go back to the parliamentary system, the citiziens' disapproval of the King's support for the dictatorship led to significant Republican victories in the 1931 municipal elections. Finally, the king went to exile and the Second Republic was declared on 14 April 1931. -
October Revolution
The October Revolution, which was most intense in Barcelona and Asturias, was convocated after the entrance of CEDA ( Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right) in the goverment. In Asturias miners led a social revolution and besieged Oviedo for two weeks and in Barcelona the autonomous government proclaimed a Catalan State within the Spanish Federal Republic but after the movement was helted the government disolved the status of autonomy and the Generalitat. -
Tragic spring
The Tragic Spring consisting of a wave of attacks and Street violence between satunch falangist, communist and anarchist activists where the political violence reached its peak. -
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Spanish Civil War
The coup d'état began in Melilla, Tetuan and Ceuta on 17 July 1936 and then it spreads throughout Spain. The country was divided into the Republican zone and the Nationalist zone, and the military coup turned into a Civil War. In Spain, the uprising was supported by conservative soldiers, landowners, high burgeoisie, monarchists, Carlists and Catholics, and the Republic was supported by progressive soldiers, landless peasants, petit burgeoisie, Republicans and left-wing parties. -
End of the Civil War
Te Civil War ended on 1 April 1939 when the insurgents advanced, took Catalonia and entered Madrid with no resistance. -
Bombing of Gernika
When the war moved to the Cantabrian coast and involved harsh battles, its hardness was reflected by the bombing of Gernika by the German air force's Condor Legion on 26 April 1931.
