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Period: 1500 to
The Old Regime
The Old Regime was the political system used in France, and in much of Europe, during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. It is characterized by having a class society, an agrarian economy and absolute monarchy. -
1516
Carlos V is proclaimed king of Spain
Son of Juana I of Castile and Philip I the Handsome. He reigned in Spain from 1516 to 1556, and in the Holy Roman Empire from 1520 to 1558. At the time he was king, the Old Regime was developing. -
1521
Fall of the Aztec city Tenochtitlan to the Spanish. The conquest of Mexico by Hernán Cortés is completed
The Tenochtitlan battle marked the fall of the Mexica and the beginning of what would be today's mestizo Mexico. -
1543
Publication of Copernicus' work ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium''
The fundamental work of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus is published, where he exposes his heliocentric theory. -
1571
Battle of Lepanto
The Battle of Lepanto was a naval battle that took place on October 7, 1571 in the Gulf of Patras, near the Greek city of Lepanto.
The army of the Ottoman Empire fought against the Holy League, formed by the Spanish Empire, the Papal States, the Republic of Venice, the Order of Malta, the Republic of Genoa and the Duchy of Savoy. -
The Netherlands and Spain accept the Twelve Year Truce
The Twelve Year Truce was a peace treaty signed in 1609 between Spain and the United Provinces of the Netherlands. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, in which most of the great European powers of the time took part. This war marked the future of the whole of Europe in the following centuries. -
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, which ended the Thirty Years' War in Germany and the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Netherlands. -
Coronation of Louis XIV in Reims
On June 7, 1654, once the hurricane of the Frondes had passed, he was crowned King of France in Reims Cathedral. He was the greatest exponent of the absolutist system so well known during the Old Regime. -
John Locke publishes the two Treatises on Civil Government
The Two Treatises on Civil Government is a work of political philosophy published in 1660 by John Locke. The first treatise is an attack on patriarchalism, and the second introduces a theory of political society based on natural rights and the social contract. -
Period: to
War of the Spanish Succession
This war pitted Philip of Anjou, also called Philip V, supported by France, against Charles of Austria, supported by England, since England feared the power that the Spanish crown and the French crown could achieve. To recapture Gibraltar and unlock access to the Mediterranean, the Spanish and French created a large navy. -
Period: to
Seat War
The Seat War was a military conflict that lasted from 1739 to 1748, in which the fleets and troops of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Spanish Empire clashed, mainly in the Caribbean area. -
Period: to
War of Austrian Succession
The War of the Austrian Succession was a military conflict that involved most of the powers of Europe over the issue of the succession of Archduchess Maria Theresa in the Habsburg Monarchy. -
Publication of The Spirit of the Laws, by Montesquieu
The spirit of the laws is a treatise on political theory and comparative law published in 1748 by the philosopher and illustrated essayist Montesquieu. In it he recreates the system of separation of powers and constitutional monarchy. -
Appearance of the first volume of the Encyclopedia
This year the first volume of the first edition of the Encyclopedia was published, which was divided and scattered in different volumes around the world so that they could not destroy it all in the hypothetical case of finding it. -
Period: to
Seven Year's War
The Seven Years' War was a series of international conflicts between 1756 and 1763 to establish control over Silesia and for colonial supremacy in North America and India. -
Publication of Rousseau's The Social Contract
The social contract explains the origin and purpose of the state and human rights. The essence of the theory is the following: to live in society, human beings agree to an implicit social contract that grants them certain rights in exchange for giving up the freedom that would be available to them in a state of nature. -
The Treaty of Paris is signed
The Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783 between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the United States of America and ended the American War of Independence. -
Period: to
American War of Independence
The English raise taxes after the Seven Years' War, and this affects the settlers of North America, so they rebel and with the help of the French win the war. -
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a social and political conflict, with various periods of violence, that convulsed France and, by extension of its implications, other European nations that faced supporters and opponents of the system known as the Old Regime. -
Haitian independence
Haiti's independence marked the end of French colonial slavery in the colony of Saint-Domingue, now known as Haiti. This was achieved through a massive slave revolt and guerrilla war waged by black slaves and free people of color against the French colonial army and slave owners between the years 1791 and 1804. Haiti was the first country in Latin America and the Caribbean to secede from their colonial masters, causing a domino effect in the Americas. -
Napoleon Bonaparte is Emperor of France
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Battle of Tragalfar
The Battle of Trafalgar was a naval battle that took place on October 21, 1805, during the third coalition initiated by the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia, Naples and Sweden to try to overthrow Napoleon Bonaparte from the imperial throne and dissolve the existing French military influence. in Europe. -
Battle of Bailen
The Battle of Bailén was fought during the Spanish War of Independence and was the first defeat in the open field in the history of the Napoleonic army. -
Battle of Gamonal
The Battle of Gamonal was a battle fought in the town of Gamonal, current neighborhood of Burgos, on November 10, 1808 between the troops of Napoleon and the Spanish under the command of Ramón Patiño, Count of Belveder, ending in defeat for the troops. Spanish. -
Battle of Tudela
The battle of Tudela was a military confrontation of the War of Spanish Independence disputed in the surroundings of said city on November 23, 1808. The result of the combat was the complete French victory. -
Period: to
Spanish War of Independence
The Spanish War of Independence was a military conflict that took place between 1808 and 1814 within the context of the Napoleonic Wars, which pitted the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal against the First French Empire, whose aim was to install Napoleon's brother, Joseph Bonaparte, on the Spanish throne after the abdication of Bayonne. -
Battle of Talavera
The Battle of Talavera took place near Talavera de la Reina on July 28, 1809 and pitted the United Kingdom and Spain against the Napoleonic armies of France. -
Battle of Ocaña
The Battle of Ocaña was also a military confrontation in the Spanish War of Independence. It took place on November 19, 1809. A French army under the command of King José I Bonaparte faced another Spanish army under the command of General Aréizaga. -
Paraguay independence
From 1811 Paraguay administered itself. Independence was not declared until 1842 together with the Argentine Confederation. -
Battle of Arapiles
The Battle of the Arapiles was another battle of the Spanish War of Independence, the battle with the most soldiers fought in Spain during the 19th century. -
Proclamation of the Independence of Argentina
The Declaration of Independence of Argentina was a decision taken on Tuesday, July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán, by which it declared the formal rupture of the links of political dependence of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata with the Spanish monarchy. . -
Battle of Chacabuco
The Battle of Chacabuco was a decisive contest for the Independence of Chile in which the Army of the Andes and the Royalist Army fought, resulting in a firm victory for the independence side commanded by General José de San Martín. -
Independence of Chile
The independence of Chile corresponds to the process during which this country left its status as a kingdom of the Hispanic Monarchy and separated from realistic Hispanic America, to establish an independent republic. -
Battle of Boyaca
The battle of Boyacá was the most important confrontation of the Colombian war of independence that guaranteed the success of the New Granada Liberation Campaign. -
Independence of Mexico
The independence of Mexico was the consequence of a political and social process resolved with arms, which put an end to Spanish rule in most of the territories of New Spain and gave rise to the First Mexican Empire. -
Battle of Carabobo
The battle of Carabobo took place in the Campo de Carabobo on June 24, 1821, by the revolutionary army against the Spanish royal army. This battle was decisive in the liberation of Caracas on June 29.
