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earliest examples of democracy
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Falls in 476 AD
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hieroglyphs, long count calendar, Chichen Itza
starting at 400 for ease of view -
Ends with fall of Constantinople
starting at 400 for ease of view -
backwards, decentralized, military threat
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600s/700s through Arabia
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emphasizes simplicity, present-moment awareness, nonduality, nonconceptual understanding, and zazen (“just sitting”) meditation
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656-661
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Syrian city of Damascus
Made Arabic official language -
nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service
vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles
peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, in exchange for military protection -
Cahokia built with 30k people
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Golden age of classical culture
House of wisdom: It was a major hub of learning and scholarship, and played a key role in the translation, preservation, and transmission of knowledge from ancient Greek, Roman, Persian, and Indian sources to the Arabic-speaking world Harun al-Rashid
peak under son:
Al-Ma'mun The word "algebra" is derived from the Arabic word "al-jabr," which means "reunion of broken parts. -
768-814
Frankish monarch statebuilder + education -
famous caliphate
776-809 -
classical period
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flourishing agriculture warming
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founded by Charlemagne and heirs
Ending at 1500 for ease of view -
Cambodia was a Hindu-Buddhist empire
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Iceland, Greenland, British Isles, NW France, Sicily, Russia longboats
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warrior society central Mexico
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passed to Inca
largest empire in Andes and roads -
durable and advanced
gunpowder 800s-900s, printing, paper money, magnetic compass -
Canon of Medicine - most authoritative medical text
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cultural + economic revival
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Catholics against Muslims and Jews
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East Africa
Zanzibar port -
royal kingdom with walls, some of which are eleven meters high
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church split into Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox
Roman church in Rome vs Byzantine church based in Constantinople (now called Istanbul)
Western beliefs: clerics should remain celibate and use bread for communion, pope authority over patriarch - East didn't agree -
Convert non Catholics
4 crusades
Famous: First Crusade 1095-1291 in North Africa/Middle East -
Mali hub (1200-1600s)
Sundiata epic: who is revered as a great warrior and a cultural hero, and his story is considered one of the greatest examples of oral literature in Africa -
Kamakura Ashikaga
2 regimes daimyo noble warlords, had samurai followed Bushido fought Kublai Khan (Mongol) -
It was a system of learning that sought to reconcile the classical philosophy of Aristotle with the teachings of the Christian church.
reconcile faith and reason by demonstrating that the teachings of the Church could be supported by reason and logic. They believed that truth could be discovered through logical analysis and debate, and that all knowledge could be organized and systematized.
St. Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, and William of Ockham -
1135-1204
re-familiarized Muslim Spain/Europe with Aristotle -
Polynesian migrations (1000-900 BCE)
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Sufi poet
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semi unification by Genghis Khan C. Asian steppes
destroyed Song, Abbasid, Kievan Russia state -
Tenochtitlan
fell to Spanish -
introduction to Islam
centralized India
ending at 1500 for ease of view -
rights of nobility against king
followed by Parliament creation late 1200s -
popes decided heresy courts
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Mande state Islam gold and metals
Sundiata Keita founded 1235
ending at 1500 for ease of view -
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meets Kubali Khan
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Kublai Kahn Yuan China rich and powerful - Mongol
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Greater centralization
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approx years
high renaissance - 1400s and 1500s in Italy
ending at 1500 for ease of view -
ending at 1500 for ease of view
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encouraged a critical and empirical approach to knowledge and an appreciation of individuality, creativity, and freedom
study of classical texts could provide a model for how to live a good life, and that by understanding the past, people could better understand the present and shape the future
Renaissance humanists include Petrarch, Erasmus, Thomas More, and Michel de Montaigne.
Ends in 1500 for ease of view -
1312-1337
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powerful Karnata empire- Hindu
ending at 1500 for ease of view -
English v French
Joan of Arc peasant French won -
in Europe: 1347 to 1351
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triggered by Red Turban revolts fell Yuan
Zhu Yuanzhang- Hongwu emperor; his son: Yongle emperor
ending at 1500 for ease of view -
disrupted 800-1200
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swept to North- Vishnu and Shiva worship begins
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global cooling famines and peasant uprisings
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SE Asia, India, ME, E Afr
1405-1433 -
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took Chimu culture mid 1400s
expanded into Cusco
ending at 1500 for ease of view -
China invented, Europe made cost effective
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Ottomans took Constantinople 1453 destroyed Byzantine empire
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1600s and on