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Johannes Butenburg became the first European to use movable type to print books. Butenburg used the printing press to create copies of the bible.
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Spanish authorities began putting accused heretics on trial. Punishments were severe cruelties such as burning on the stake.
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Thomas More published the book Utopia to described how the governments were corrupt and private property was unnecessary conflicts. It also contasts life in Europe with the description of ideal society.
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Martin Luther openly disagreed with many church doctrines and he claimed that the bible was the sole religious authority. A year later he was excommunicated by Pope Leo X
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Henry VIII had defended the church against Luther's teachings. The pope then granted him a title "Defender of the Faith".
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John Calvin published and formulated a complete and clear set of beliefs. This work explained exactly what the faith should believe on every major religious question.
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Charles V wanted to stop the spread of protestanism so he sent his armies against the protestant princes in germany. He won most of his battles but could not defeat the princes orthe Lutheran Church.
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It was the start of many bloody civil wars with catholics. Many huguenots were murdered in the time of these civil wars
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Pro-Catholic forces murdered thousands of Huguenots in the massacre. The catholics destroyed everything that was considered property of the Huguenots.
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Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes. This proclamation gave the Huguenots freedom of worship and some political rights.
