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Urban, stratified, militarized, imperialistic empires with no important technological advances
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Prince Henry, the Navigator opens the great Portuguese "Age of Exploration."
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Ferdinand II and Isabella I unite the crowns of Aragon and Castille in Spain.
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Christopher Columbus is lost at sea and is rescued by Arawak Indians in the Bahamas.
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Columbus' second voyage.
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Treaty of Tordesillas divides the New World between Spain and Portuga
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Montezuma becomes the Aztec emperor.
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Cortes conquers the Aztec empire.
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Viceroy is recalled to Spain after rioting in Mexico City by Indians and others.
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Two massive Aztec sculptures are dug up inMexico City.
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Bolívar forced to retreat to the island of Jamaica
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Argentina declares independence
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Chile declares independence
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Mexico is finally free from Spanish rule.
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Monroe Doctrine warns against recolonization of newly independent Latin American republics
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Bolivia declares independence
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Ecuador leaves "Gran Colombia"; Bolívar dies preparing to go into exile
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United States wins Mexican-American War.
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King Pedro II rules Brazil
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Brazil's military overthrows King Pedro II and initiates republican government
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Pancho Villa helps lead the Mexican revolution.
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Vicente Fox is elected President of Mexico.