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The Estates-General was an assembly that represented the three classes, or “estates” in France at the time: the clergy, the nobility and the commoners. -
Louis XVI decided to close the hall where the National Assembly held meetings. So the group agreed to stay together until they could come up with a new constitution for France. -
The revolutionaries stole gun powder and weapons in order to be able to defend themselves against the monarchy who was abusing them -
The National Assembly released “The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.” The document contained the basic beliefs of the revolutionaries. -
On June 20, 1791, the royal family disguised themselves as servants and were able to sneak out of the Tuileries Palace where they were being held by the National guards. All of this to escape from the national crisis. However, the very next day the king was recognized in Varennes. -
On 3 September 1791, the National Constituent Assembly forced king Louis XVI to accept the French Constitution of 1791, and with this turning the absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy.
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The Reign of Terror is one of the darkest periods in French history. Within the Convention (replacement of National Assembly) was a group called the Committee of Public Safety, which was created to protect the new Republic against traitors. Robespierre arrested 500,000 suspected traitors and 17,000 of them were executed by the committee
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On September 21, 1792, the monarchy was officially abolished and France was officially a new Republic. The Republic charged the king with treason, and he was found guilty. On January 21, 1793, the King was executed in front of the people in Paris by guillotine. -
Robespierre let his power go to his head and began to get out of control. So the affraid people decided to kill him to stop the murders -
After Robespierre’s death, a new constitution was written. This new document created a group of leaders called the Directory which was made up of 5 members. But this group got corrupted so a coup d’état forced out the Directory and replaced it with three “consuls,” one of whom was Napoleon Bonaparte. -
Napoleon was crowned Emperor of the France at Notre-Dame de Paris in Paris. It marked "the instantiation of the modern empire" -
It established a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliament, guaranteed civil liberties, proclaimed religious toleration, and acknowledged Catholicism as the state religion.
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Hundred Days is the period in which Napoleon arrived in Paris after escaping from exile on Elba, and July 8, 1815, the date of the return of Louis XVIII to Paris. Napoleon made liberal changes to the Imperial Constitution, which had as consequence a number of former opponents.
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The Congress of Vienna was the first of a series of international meetings that came to be known as the Concert of Europe, an try to build a peaceful balance of power in Europe. It served as a model for later organizations such as the League of Nations in 1919 and the United Nations in 1945. -
The Victorian era is the period between approximately 1820 and 1914, corresponding roughly but not exactly to the period of Queen Victoria's reign and characterized by a class-based society, a growing number of people able to vote, a growing state and economy...
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The Chios massacre was the killing of thousands of Greeks on the island of Chios by Ottoman troops during the Greek War of Independence in 1822. -
These ordinances imposed further limitations on freedom of the press, dissolved the Chamber of Deputies, scheduled new elections, and restricted the electorate further.
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War of Greek Independenceis the rebellion of Greeks within the Ottoman Empire, a struggle which resulted in the establishment of an independent kingdom of Greece. -
It was a revolution (27-30 of may) caused by the ordonnances of Charles X which basically established the press liberty suspension and a power held by oligarchy. It led to the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans.
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French colonial rule over Algeria began in 1830 with the invasion of Algiers and lasted until the Algerian War of Independence which concluded in 1962. While the nature of French rule changed over this time, Algeria was administered as a part of France from 1848 until independence. -
The first Opium War was the result of China's attempt to suppress the illegal opium trade from the UK, which had led to addiction in China and was causing serious social and economic disruption there.
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Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals all around Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most intense revolutionary wave in European history to date. The revolutions were essentially democratic and liberal and had as objective to remove the old monarchical structures and creating independent nation-states.
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On April 27, 1848, the Proclamation of the Abolition of Slavery in the French Colonies was made. All of this thanks to the Mackau'slaws in 1845. -
The June Days uprising was an uprising staged by French workers from 23 to 26 June 1848. It was in response to plans to close the National Workshops.
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On the evening of 14 January 1858, as the Emperor and Empress were on their way to the theatre, Orsini, an intalian revolutionary and his accomplices threw three bombs at the imperial carriage. Even though the emperor and empress were unhurt. -
The Second French Intervention in Mexico was an invasion of Mexico, launched in late 1862 by the Second French Empire, which hoped to replace the Mexican Republic with a monarchy favorable to French interests. -
War in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France. The war marked the end of French hegemony in continental Europe and resulted in the creation of a unified Germany. -
The French Third Republic was the system of government adopted in France from the Second French Empire collapse during the Franco-Prussian War, until the Fall of France during World War II.
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The Jules Ferry Laws are a set of French laws which established free education in 1881, then mandatory and laic education in 1882. -
In 1848, during the Second Republic, the universal male suffrage was restored for all men of French nationality, aged 21 or over, and having their civil and political rights. The amount of voters went from 246,000 to more than 9 million. The right to vote was not extended to women for many pretexts.
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Series of territorial disputes in Africa between the UK and France. The disputes were caused by the common desire of each country to link up its colonial possessions in Africa. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot to death along with his wife, Sophie, by the Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914. In addition to this european powers were fighting for the ocean's control and a racism increased in Europe