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Because of the discovery of the telescope Galileo discoveries that planets revolve around the sun. People began to question science, religion, and government. -
War began between the Catholics and Protestants which spread across Europe. The Protestants revolted against the Catholic Hapsburg king, Ferdinand. The war was finally ended by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. -
The battle of Marston Moor was fought July 2, 1644. It was the first battle of the English Civil War which took place in Scotland. The Loyalists lost in that battle with more to come. -
In 1651, Thomas Hobbes published his best-known work “Leviathan”. This shows his outlook on government and how the people need a monarchy to rule over them. He published many other books this is just his best-known. -
The Battle of Worcester took place at Worcester, England, and was the final battle of the English Civil War. Oliver Cromwell and his strong army defeat King Charles ll’s 16,000 Royalists. -
The Restoration of Monarch in England was when they were back to having a king. It was the return of Charles ll as king. He got along with parliament even though Anglicanism was the official religion he treated the puritans and Catholics equally. -
The members of the Third Estate took an oath at the tennis court. The oath was not to separate and to reassemble whatever circumstances require until the Constitution of the kingdom is established and consolidated upon firm foundations. -
The Bastille was a political prison but was not actually being used as a prison anymore. It was now being used to store gunpowder. French citizens stormed and seized control of the gunpowder for their guns. This was done because the Bastille represented royal authority in Paris. -
On October 5, 1789, a large group of women in a Paris marketplace began to revolt. They wanted to buy bread for their families. They marched throughout Paris demanding that the price of bread be put to a fair price. more people joined as they marched. This turned into a march on the Palace of Versailles where the king was. The king and his family were forced to come back to Paris. -
The National Convention was a Parliament of the French Revolution. was the first French government organized as a republic. Its first act was the formal abolition of the monarchy on September 22, 1792. “it offered French assistance to any subject peoples who wished to overthrow their governments.” -
Marie Antoinette was executed by the guillotine in 1793 after the being found guilty of crimes against the state by Revolutionary Tribunal. She was being convicted of treason. -
Napoleon is crowned Emperor of France by the Pope. Popular story that he took the crown and crowned himself to show he was above the power of the church (but there is debate about whether this is true or not). -
The Battle of Leipzig (or Battle of the Nations) was a decisive defeat for Napoleon and France by the Coalition forces (other European countries allied against him.) -
on 11 April 1814 between Napoleon and representatives of Austria, Russia and Prussia With this treaty, they exile Napoleon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. -
“After the death of King William IV on 20 June 1837, his 18-year-old niece was given the title the Queen of England. She became heir to the throne as her three uncles ahead of her in the line of succession George IV, Frederick Duke of York, and William IV - had no legitimate children who survived.” The coronation ceremony took place on the 28 June and was held in Westminster.” -
Even though slavery was abolished in the British Empire on 1 August 1834, only children under the age of six were freed immediately under the terms of the 1833 Emancipation Act. “All other former slaves were bound as 'apprentices,' where they continued to work without pay for their former owners. When the apprenticeship period ended in 1838, over 700,000 slaves were freed in the British Caribbean.” -
“The Opium War of 1839-42 started when the Chinese government confronted foreign merchant ships and demanded they surrender their illegal cargo. Battles mostly took place at sea. Outdated Chinese vessels sent by the emperor didn't stand a chance against the British warships and were destroyed by the dozen.” The Opium Wars were two wars in the mid-19th century involving Chinese disputes over British trade in China. The disputes included the First Opium War and the Second Opium War.” -
Victoria married her cousin, Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, At the age of 21. A German Prince at the Chapel Royal in St. James's Palace. Over the years of their marriage, Victoria had nine children. -
“A treaty allowing the opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade and permitting the establishment of a U.S. consulate in Japan.” -
“In late March 1857 a sepoy attacked British officers at the military garrison. He was arrested and then executed by the British in early April. Later in April some sepoy troopers refused the Enfield cartridges, and, as punishment, they were given long prison terms.
This punishment angered other Sepoy, who rose on May 10, shot their British officers, and marched to Delhi, where there were no European troops.” -
“The battle of Antietam also known as the battle of Sharps-burg is an America war that was fought in the southern part of the United States. It was between Confederate Gen. Robert. E Lee and Union General George McClellans’s of the Potomac. This was because of Lee’s attempt to invade the north.” The union ended up wining. -
Alexander Graham Bell makes the first telephone call in his Boston laboratory, summoning his assistant, Thomas A. Watson, from the next room. -
“In 1885, German mechanical engineer Karl Benz designed and built the world's first practical automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine.” -
After several unsuccessful attempts, on December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, flew a gasoline powered flying machine for 59 seconds at Kitty Hawk, NC. -
This was a war between Russian And Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. -
“The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904–05 Russo-Japanese War.” -
Henry Ford set out to build a car which everyone could afford to buy.
It was slow, ugly and difficult to drive, and was nick named the ‘Tin Lizzie’ by the American people. The attraction of the Model T Ford was that its price never increased. -
“Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie are shot to death by a Bosnian Serb nationalist during an official visit to the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. The killings sparked a chain of events that led to the outbreak of World War I by early August.” -
“A military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from 1937 to 1945.”