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Period: 224 to Apr 18, 651
Sasanid Empire
an Iranian state. Had an established faith of Zoroastrianism & Christianity. Islam was formed as a religiopolitical movement in the Sasanid Empire. -
Period: 306 to Apr 18, 1453
Byzantine Empire
Eastern part of the Roman Empire. Established Christianity as official religion. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. -
Period: 306 to Apr 18, 1453
Constantinople
Capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine. -
Apr 27, 632
Split between Sunni & Shiite.
schism lies in the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. -
Period: Apr 18, 661 to Apr 18, 750
Umayyad Caliphate
the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. Dynasty of Musliam caliphs. From their capital, Damascus, the Umayyads ruled an empire that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate. -
Apr 18, 711
Muslims conquer Spain
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Period: Apr 18, 742 to
Charlemagne
Was King of the Franks who established the Carolingian Empire through military conquest, He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire. During his reign, he conquered part of Italy & Germany. He sponsored a brief intellectual revival. -
Period: Apr 18, 750 to Apr 18, 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
Descendants of the prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate & ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad. -
Period: Apr 18, 1000 to Apr 18, 1300
Seljuk Turks
A strong army created by the Fatimid dynasty. Were nomadic people from central Asia. The Turks converted to Islam & prospered as soldiers from the Abbasid Csliphate. Took political & military control of the Abbasid caliphate. -
Period: Apr 18, 1095 to Apr 18, 1291
Crusades
Armed pilgrimages to the Italy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to Western Europe's centuries of intellectual & cultural isolation. -
Apr 18, 1100
Inca Civilization
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Period: Apr 18, 1136 to Apr 18, 1405
Timur
gained control of Iran & much of Central Asia through conquest. He consolidated the status of Sunni Islam as Orthodox & his descendants. Maintained the empire for nearly a century & founded the Mughal Empire in India. -
Period: Apr 18, 1138 to Apr 18, 1193
Saladin
nephew of the Jurdish commander, who took advantage of Nur al-Din's death to seize power & unify Syria & Egypt. Captured Jerusalem in 1187 from the Europeans. In 1250 his dynasty fell when Turkish Mamulks seized control of the gov't. -
Period: Apr 18, 1162 to Apr 18, 1227
Genghis Khan
The title of Temijin when he ruled the Mongols. Genghis Khan was the founder of the Mongol Empire. -
Apr 18, 1200
Maya Civilization
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Period: Apr 18, 1206 to Apr 18, 1324
Mongol Invasions
The attack on the medieval powers of Poland, Kiev, Hungary & miscellaneous of proto-Russian tribes. -
Period: Apr 18, 1206 to Apr 18, 1526
Delhi Sultanate
Centralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim Invaders. The Delhi Sultanate is responsible for introducing water control systems in Northern India. -
Apr 18, 1215
Magna Carta
A feudal document that gave written recognition to the fact that the relationship between King & Vassals was based on mutual rights & obligations -
Period: Apr 27, 1230 to
Mali Kingdom
The kingdom controlled trade routes that stretched from the edge of the Sahara in the north to forests in the south & that carried gold & other luxuries. -
Period: Apr 27, 1312 to Apr 27, 1337
Mansa Musa
the last powerful king of Mali. He doubled the size of the kingdom of Mali. Created a strong central gov't & divided the kingdom of Mali into provinces ruled by appointed governers. -
Period: Apr 27, 1325 to Apr 27, 1521
Aztec Civilization
Created a powerful Empire in central Mexico & forced defeated people to provide goods & labor as tax (tribute system). -
Period: Apr 18, 1337 to Apr 18, 1429
Hundred Years' War
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Period: Apr 27, 1340 to
Songhai
one of the largest Islamic empires in history -
Period: Apr 18, 1350 to Apr 18, 1580
Renaissance
A period of intense artistic intellectual activity, said to be a "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture. -
Period: Apr 18, 1368 to
Ming Empire
last empire ruled by ethnic Hans. -
Period: Apr 18, 1405 to Apr 18, 1433
Zheng He
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Apr 18, 1436
Gutenberg Press
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Period: Jan 22, 1440 to Oct 27, 1505
Ivan III
Was the prince of Moscow who established himself as an autocratic ruler in the late 1400s. -
Period: Apr 27, 1463 to Apr 27, 1532
Inca Civilization
largest & most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco. -
Period: to Apr 18, 1279
Song Empire
1st government in history to issue paper money & banknotes. It was also the 1st government to set up a permanent standing navy. -
Period: to Apr 18, 1200
Kievan Russia
state established at Kiev in Ukraine by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population. -
Period: to
Maya Civilization
Mesoamerican civilization that made major contributions to mathematics, astronomy & development of the calendar. -
Period: to Apr 27, 1235
Ghana
The introduction of the camel. Traded with gold & salt in the Trans-Saharan trade. -
Period: to
Sui Empire
Unified China in the 6th century. It ended nearly four centuries of division between rival regimes. -
Period: to
Tang Empire
a period of progress and stability & an imperial dynasty of China. It's generally regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization as a golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Preceded Sui Empire.