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From 1485- to 1603, England was ruled by the Tudor monarchs. The Tudors believed in divine rights. They also recognized that they needed good relations with the parliament.
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In 1603 Elizabeth died childless and James I took the English throne away from the monarchs .
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In 1625, Charles I inherited the throne.
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In 1629 Charles did sign the petition, but he then dissolved Parliament.
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In 1637, Charles and Laud tried to impose the Anglican prayer book in Scotland.
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In 1640, Charles once again had to summon the Parliament. However the parliament launched its own revolt and became the the Long Parliament and was on and off until 1653.
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The civil war that was followed lasted from 1642 to 1651
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In 1649, Charles I stood on a scaffold surrounded by his foes.
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In 1652, Parliament passed a new law exiling most Catholics to barren land in the wet of Ireland.
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In 1653, as the challenges to order grew, Cromwell took the title Lord Protector.
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In 1658 Oliver Cromwell died and soon after, the puritans lost their grip on England and many people were tired of military rule and strict Puritan ways.
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In 1660 a newly elected Parliament invited Charles II to return to England from exile.
