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During this time England was ruled by the Tudor Family. They believed in divine right but they recognized the value of good relationships with Parliament. Parliament approved the Act of Supremacy which made the monarch head of the Church of England
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Louis XIV perfected royal absolutism in France while political power in England took a different path. Parliament expanded it's on influence despite the attempt by English monarchs to increase royal authority.
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James I, took the English throne. In 1610 he made a speech to Parliament that gave him the opposite result that he wanted
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Elizabeth died childless. Her heir was James Stuart, who was the ruling king of Scotland. The Stuart Family wasn't popular and wasn't as skillful dealing with Parliament. They also inherited problems that Henry and Elizabeth suppressed.
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Charles I inherited the throne. Charles behaved like an absolute monarch. He inprisioned his enemies without trial and spent all the nations money.
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Charles gets rid of parliament in 1629. For 11 years, he ruled the nation without Parliament. During this time, he created a lot of enemies especially among Puritans.
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Charles and Laud tried to impose the Anglicsn prayer book on Scotland. The Calvanist Scots revolted.
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Charles had to summon Parliament to get funds to suppress the Scotish rebellion. When Parliament met, they launched their own revolt.
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The Parliament became known as the Long Parliament that lasted from 1640-1653. It triggered the greatest political revolution in English History. Parliament tried to execute Charles I ministers, including Archbishop Laud.
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Charles I led troops into the House of Commons to arrest it's most outgoing leaders. They escaped through a back door and raised their own army. Soon after, they moved to the Battlefield.
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War breaks out between Parliament's Roundheads and Charles I's Cavaliers. Oliver Cromwell and the rest of parliamentary forces eventually win. In 1649, Charles is executed
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Charles I stood infront of all of his enemies and declared " I am a marytr of the people" he told the executioner that he would like to be killed.
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Parliament rules as a commonwealth with Cromwell as leader. They abolish the monarchy and House of Lords. The commonwealth falls apart upon Cromwell's death in 1658. People who favored the monarchy began to gain power.
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Parliament passes a law saying that most Catholics cant live in the west of Ireland. Any Catholics that go against this law will be killed on sight.
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Charles II works with Parliament to bring the nation together. Him and Parliament clash when he works to restore Catholicism. In 1678, Charles gets rid of Parliament and builds the Monarchy's power. His partner in crime, James II, helps him push for catholic power but instead theres backlash. James II flees England in 1688.
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Parliament gains power again. William and Mary become England's monarchs and agree to limited powers under Parliament's domination.
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Before William and Mary could be crowned, they had to accept several acts passed by Parliament. It became known as the English Bill of Rights. It insured the power of Parliament over the Monarchy. One of it's rules is the monarch had to summon Parliament and give the House of Commons the "power of the purse" also known as control over spending.
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Robert Walpole molded the cabinet into a unifie body. He did this by requiring all memebers to agree on major issues.
