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Political: The War Measures Act was created to ensure there were enough soldiers. After Vimy Ridge, there was a lack of willing soldiers, so to ensure there were reinforcements, the government created the act for mandatory military service for men ages 20-45. However, there was backlash from French Canadians who rioted for 4 days. Ranking -1 – The act did help supply soldiers, however, it created a bigger divide between French Canadians and Canadians, fueling lots of built-up anger/resentment. -
Political: From July 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918, Canada has been serving in WW1, along with the British Empire, Serbia, etc. against the Germans and Austro-Hungarian, in Europe. When Austria-Hungary announced war on Serbia, it escalated into a World War. It was the bloodiest conflict of Canada - 172,000 wounded and 61,000 casualties. Ranked +1 – Although the war created many problems for Canada, it also helped Canada progress and thrive (e.g., stopped unemployment, boosted economy, etc.). -
Political: The Second Battle of Ypres went from April 22–May 25, 1915, in Ypres salient. Canada was a part of the battle to help the French/British troops fight off Germany. It was the battle the Germans first used poison/chloride gas as a munition. They released <160 tonnes of gas on April 22, causing ~59,000 British, 6,500 Canadians, 22,000 French, and 35,000 German casualties. Ranking +1 – Although Canada did win and obtained the gas in the end, it was at the loss of so many lives. -
Political: From April 9-12, 1917, Canada fought its most celebrated, prideful, victory. Canadians fought the Germans in Vimy, France, a German stronghold, to hopefully take it over so the British 3rd army could get passed and help the battle at the south. It started Canadian pride because ~10,000 Canadians worked together for the first time and beat 20,000 Germans. Ranking +2 – It was when Canadian pride began and when we won the biggest fight for territory at that point in the war. -
Economic: To balance out all the funds needed to support the war, the government began taxing products like tobacco, alcohol, and tea. Then, he took it further and created “The Business Profits War Tax act of 1916”, corporations <$50,000 in capital pay more taxes. Finally, came the Canadian Income Tax. Every Canadian (except the enlisted/low income) pays a yearly tax based on their income. Ranked +1 – It has helped boost the economy and help pay off the incredible debt left from the war. -
Social: In September 1917, Sir Robert Borden created the Military Voters Act, where women in the military were allowed to vote in federal elections, and by 1919, almost all women were given the right to vote due to their contributions to support the war, when they would do the male jobs.
Ranked +2 – It was very progressive for Canada to be how it is today, by finally bringing the women’s voice and opinions, which was a huge advancement and step forward. It opened the door for more equality. -
Social: In the 1920s, after the war, the roaring 20s came. The economy was thriving, and people were celebrating the end of a war, creating mass consumerism/capitalism. It was the introduction to western culture with music and partying, and it created prominent figures like the flapper, a woman who was carefree, drank, smoked, and behaved wildly. Ranking 0 – although it did introduce Canada to more Western culture, I don’t think the celebration is as progressive or helpful to Canada’s future -
Social/political: In 1923, the Chinese Immigration Act was made to stop almost every form of Chinese immigration to Canada, except the students, merchants, diplomats, or “Canadian-born Chinese”. The prejudice/discrimination of Chinese people started after they came to the Gold Rush and CPR, so they created the Chinese Immigration Act. Ranking – 2 – This is a major decline because of the racism involved, as well as being unprogressive for creating good connections with China. -
Social/political: On October 18, 1929, women were finally announced as “persons”. Women previously couldn’t hold positions of power. The British North America Act of 1867, a document about the responsibilities of a government, used "he” for singular, and “persons” for plural, implying the role was for men only. When the Famous Five challenged it, they won. Ranking +2 – It was very significant to finally recognize women should be in positions of power and allow them to switch up the narrative. -
Economic: 1929 marks the beginning of the start of the Great Depression, which is essentially when the economy plummeted. There were extreme unemployment rates (over 20%), decreased output, less demand from consumers, creating the most severe depression experienced. Rating -1 – there was no progression, and it was an extreme decline from all the economic issues.
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