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The French Revolution was a period of radical political and social change in France. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, -
The storming of the Bastille, which occurred in 1789 in Paris, is one of the inaugural and emblematic events of the French Revolution. This day, during which the Bastille was stormed by rioters, is considered the first major intervention of the Parisian people in the course of the Revolution and in French political life. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen is a fundamental text of the French Revolution which sets out a set of individual and common natural rights, as well as the conditions for their implementation. The Declaration is one of the three texts referred to in the preamble of the French Constitution. Its provisions are therefore part of French positive law, and are placed at the highest level of the hierarchy of standards in France. -
After the deposition of Louis XVI in August 1792, France was in desperate need of a strong power. On September 21, 1792, the National Convention was elected by universal male suffrage. It quickly abolished the monarchy and established the First Republic. -
The Terror is the term commonly used to designate a period of the French Revolution between 1793 and 1794 . It is characterized by the establishment of a revolutionary government centered on the Committee of Public Safety and the Committee of General Security. -
The decree for the abolition of slavery in the French colonies is a decision issued by the National Convention and voted in Paris. The decree decides the abolition of slavery in all the Colonies. The text does not provide for compensation for any of the social categories. -
The fall of Robespierre is consecutive to a series of events which took place. They mark the end of the Terror regime.
This event is called 9 Thermidor (July 27), corresponding to the day of the arrest of Robespierre at the National Convention and opens the also called period of the Thermidorian Convention. -
The Directory was a French political regime of the directorial type. It takes its name from the "Directory", the set of five directors, heads of government between whom the executive power and the ministers are divided, to avoid tyranny, and whose seat is in the Luxembourg Palace. It was set up at the end of the Terror by the moderate republicans of the Thermidorian Convention. -
In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte became the First Consul, and little by little he concentrated all the powers in his hands and established an Empire until 1815. He will lead a personal regime that will be successful at first: he will transform the organization of Europe by his conquests. -
The Restoration of Slavery by Napoleon Bonaparte in the early 19th century refers to a set of texts and military events that occurred between 1802 and 1804, constituting a "gradual advance towards the restoration of slavery" and the slave trade in the first years of power of Napoleon Bonaparte, and returning to repeal the decree of February 4, 1794 which had abolished slavery in all the colonies during the French Revolution. -
Napoleon would be consecrated emperor by Pope Pius VII, in the cathedral of Paris, crowning himself as such in a lavish ceremony. The new Emperor assumed in his person the three powers. Directly the Executive Power.
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The Treaty of Paris is signed, creating the Confederation of the Rhine, under the protectorate of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. The treaty was signed by sixteen sovereign princes of the western part of the Germanic Roman Empire. -
It was an international meeting held in the Austrian capital, convened with the aim of reestablishing the borders of Europe after the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte and reorganizing the political ideologies of the Old Regime. His intention was to return Europe to the situation prior to the French Revolution (1789), to restore the national borders upset almost 20 years earlier, and to ensure a balance of power that would prevent another series of large-scale armed conflicts. -
The period known as the Hundred Days or the Waterloo Campaign marks Napoleon's entry into Paris. This stage put an end to the so-called Napoleonic Wars, as well as the Bonaparte Empire. But such Hundred Days were preceded by others. Napoleon had spent eleven months in his exile on Elba, watching uneasily and with great interest the course of events in France. -
It was a battle that took place in the vicinity of Waterloo, a town in present-day Belgium located about twenty kilometers south of Brussels, in which the French army, commanded by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, clashed against British, Dutch and Dutch troops. and german -
The massacre of Chios was perpetrated by the Ottomans against the Greek population of the island of Chios. It is one of the most famous episodes of the Greek War of Independence. The island was one of the richest in the Aegean Sea and the Greek insurgents tried to rally it to their cause. -
The French conquest of Algeria began with the landing of General Bourmont in Staoueli, after defeating the Algerian troops on the 19th and 24th, he took Algiers on July 5 and Oran on January 4, 1831. This became a colony of the Gallic country until 1962, the year in which this region of North Africa declared its independence after a long war that had begun in 1954. -
The July revolution is the second French revolution, after that of 1789. It brings to the throne a new king, Louis-Philippe I, at the head of a new regime, the July monarchy, which succeeds the Second Restoration. This revolution took place over three days, July 27, 28 and 29, 1830, called “Trois Glorieuses”. After a long period of ministerial, parliamentary and journalistic agitation, King Charles X tried by a constitutional coup to curb the enthusiasm of the Liberal deputies. -
The Spring of Peoples or Spring of Revolutions designates the revolutionary movement experienced by a large part of Europe, essentially between the end of February and the beginning of July 1848, with a high concentration of events between March and June, where the qualification of "spring". Although successfully repressed, these crises have often been decisive for the development of the countries concerned, notably Germany which, despite the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament. -
The Second French Empire is a historiographical term used to designate a period of French history between 1852 and 1870. The official name of the regime was, however, the French Empire, the term "second" being used to differentiate it from the First French Empire. , established in the early 19th century by the general, and later emperor, Napoléon Bonaparte. -
The Suez Canal is a waterway located in Egypt. It connects, via three natural lakes, the port city of Port Said in the Mediterranean Sea to the city of Suez. Pierced, thanks to a giant fundraiser on the Paris Stock Exchange, under the direction of retired French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps, it allows ships to go from Europe to Asia without having to circumvent Africa by Cape Bonne- Esperance and without break of load by land between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. -
The Franco-Prussian War, sometimes called the Franco-Prussian War, was a conflict between France and a coalition of German states led by Prussia and comprising the twenty-one other member states of the German Confederation. of the North, as well as the Kingdom of Bavaria, that of Württemberg and the Grand Duchy of Baden. This war stemmed from the various national issues that pushed the many German states to unite. -
The French Third Republic was the republican regime in France from 1870 to 1940. It was the first lasting French regime since the fall of the Ancien Régime in 1789. Indeed, France had experienced, in eighty years, seven regimes: three constitutional monarchies, two republics mayflies and two empires. These difficulties help explain the indecisiveness of the National Assembly, which took nine years, from 1870 to 1879, to renounce the monarchy and propose a third republican constitution. -
The Treaty of Versailles of 1871 was a preliminary agreement that was intended to consolidate the armistice of January 28, it was ratified by the Treaty of Frankfurt, which would end the Franco-Prussian War. This peace treaty established that France should cede the territories of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany, and pay five billion francs as compensation. Until the payment was made, the Germans would continue, as an occupation troop, in French territory. -
The rabies, or rabies, vaccine was created by Louis Pasteur in 1885 to treat the deadly disease of rabies. During the year 1885, he administered his vaccine to the first two patients with rabies, who died a few days later. But it was on July 6, 1885, that the vaccine finally proved its worth. In 1888, thanks to vaccination, the Pasteur Institute was created. -
The Paris Universal Exhibition of 1889 was the tenth Universal Exhibition organized. Its theme is the French Revolution, as part of the centenary of this event. It was on the occasion of this Commemorative Exhibition that the Eiffel Tower was built. -
The Fashoda crisis is a serious diplomatic incident which opposed France to the United Kingdom in the advanced military post of Fashoda in Sudan. Its impact was all the greater as these countries were then agitated by strong nationalist currents. Since the departure of the British after the Mahdist revolt of 1885, this region of Sudan has been coveted by the main European colonial powers: United Kingdom, France, Italy and Belgium. -
The law concerning the separation of Church and State, is a French law codifying secularism. Adopted on December 9, 1905 on the initiative of the Republican-Socialist deputy Aristide Briand, it is one of the founding acts of the secularization of the State, concluding a violent confrontation which opposed two conceptions on the place of the Churches in French society during almost twenty-five years. -
The Agadir coup, or Agadir crisis, is a military and diplomatic incident between France and Germany, caused by the sending of a gunboat (light ship armed with cannons) of the German navy in the bay of Agadir in Morocco. It is part of the rivalry between European imperialisms for the partition of Africa and the trusteeship of pre-colonial Morocco. -
Mobile warfare is a military strategy using fast and efficient movement to win a battle.
It was theorized in the 19th century, by the analysis of the Napoleonic wars and was used at the beginning and end of the First World War. It is mainly based on the use of light infantry and cavalry. It is used by French troops at the beginning of the First World War -
Positional warfare or trench warfare is a war that settles in one place and lasts. Trench warfare is a form of warfare where combatants shelter in fortified lines, largely made up of trenches, in which soldiers are relatively protected from small arms and artillery. Life in the trenches consisted of long periods of boredom punctuated by moments of terror. The threat of death forced the soldiers to be constantly on the alert. -
The Battle of Verdun is a battle that took place in the region of Verdun in Lorraine, during the First World War. It opposed the French and German armies. Designed by General von Falkenhayn, Commander-in-Chief of the German Army. -
Temporarily put an end to the fighting of the First World War. The armistice recognizes de facto the victory of the Allies (China, United States, France, United Kingdom and USSR) and the defeat of Germany, but it is not a capitulation in the proper sense.
