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He wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon but the Pope didn't accept so he separated from the Pope and createda new church of England where he was the leader.
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Martin Luther wrote the Ninety-five theses to critisize the indulgences (believers payed them to achieve salvation) he nailed this text on the door of the University in Wittenberg. He was excomunicated for this act but with this, he started the Reformation -
William Tyndale translated the New Testament into the vernacular english, so every-one could read it. -
Henry VIII made himself 'Supreme Head of the Church of England'. He then separated the church of England from the
Roman Catholic Church. -
Rebellion of the English people against the monarch, it wa sthe greatest rebellion an English monarch had ever faced.
It lasted 6 months. -
The Roman catholic church tried to stop some of the abuses of the Anglican church.
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He pushed England towards protestantism.
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The mass-book was replaced by this book. -
She restored catholicism in 18 months and burned to the stake around 200 protestant heretics
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Elizabeth I did like her father and abolished for the second time the authority of the Pope, and made herself 'Supreme Governor of the Church of England' -
Every parish had to use the book of the common prayer and if they didn't attend an anglican service, they were fined. -
Applied a new doctrine of the church with 3 important changes :
- new ecclesiology
- new doctrine of Salvation
- new definition of sacraments and of the mass -
People were not happy with the changes Elizabeth I did in the Anglican church, the insurgents tried to replace the Queen with Mary, Queen of Scots.
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Pope Pius V excomunicated the Queen in this text. -
It was now legal for a catholic person to be sentenced to death beacause of their religion, and forbidden to participate in catholic mass.
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A plot to kill Elizabeth I and replace her with Mary Stuart, who participated in this plot and was discovered. -
After she was discovered ploting against Elizabeth I, she was executed. -
The Armada was known for being invicible yet it was defeated thanks to Elizabeth's changes in the english fleet. The conflict started because Elizabeth I supported the Dutch Revolt against Spain. Dutch are fiercly protestants. -
He was spending money very fastly, in unimportant things like a double supper. England inheritated a great debt after his reign.
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A group of catholics wanted to blow up parliament but it wasn't a success. -
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A period of starvation where colonists didn't have enough food. Only 60 out of 500 survived
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A crisis developped during his reign, increasing the debt of the country and he had many problems with Parliament.
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Members of Parliament wrote a complain text saying that they wanted the King to recognise the limits of his rights and powers.
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The King Charles I governed alone without parliament because he disolved Parliament.
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Charles I tried to bring the chruch of Scotland and the Church of England together. the Scottish people weren't happy and started a Riot.
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Charles needed mone to fight the Scots, so he called a Parliament for the first time in eleven years, breaking the personal rule. He disolved it after three weeks.
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Charles had to pay the scot army after they invaded England so he had to call Parliament again. This Parliament wasn't disolved until 1660.
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Parliament voted this text containing revolutionnary demands, it stated that the House of commons could choose the King's ministers, Parliament could reform the church and controlled every army sent to Ireland. -
From 1643 to 1646, the Parliament was victorious thanks to the new model army and other things, the king surrendered but the New model army seized him to claim the money Parliament promised them but didn't give them. The King escaped and allied with the Scots, but were defeated by Cromwell.
This led to the execution of the King -
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After Charles I's death, England didn't want to be ruled by royalty so it was declared a commonwealth.
Cromwell ruled it with other people, it was the Cromwellian Protectorate. -
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England's first and only constitution written under Cromwell's Protectorate -
Cromwell was the head of England
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Charles II issued it promising general pardon for the murder of his father and saying he will help England if he was ruling it as King -
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Charles II was made King of England
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The only heir of Charles was his brother but the problem is that he was catholic, so Parliament tried to debar James II from the succession.
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James was old and had no direct heir so the next King wouls be protestant, if only his wife didn't have a son ! So the Parliament invited William of Orange (husband of James' daughter) to invade England and seize the crown to replace James II. It was successfull.
William became William III -
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A text stating James' misdeeds, fixing limits to the sovereign's power, stating the Parliament's rights, and basic civil rights.
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An act certifying a protestant succession to England.
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Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain by unifying England (plus Wales) and Scotland -
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Jacobites were loyal to the Stuarts and weren't happy with William's assension to being King of England.
It was led by James II's son, called the "Old Prentender". -
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This one was led by James II's grandson, the "Young Pretender"
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Britain and Spain fought for Florida and Britain won it
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It started with the Declaration of Independance in 1776
And made official in 1783 by the Treaty of Paris. -
The United Kingdom unified itself with Ireland by merging their parliaments.
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