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Mar 21, 1258
The Birth of Osman Bey
Osman Bey was the founder of the Ottoman Empire. He was a chief of a band of seminomadic Turks who migrated into northwestern Anatolia, From there, Osman would go on to establish one of the longest lasting empires of the world: the Ottoman Empire. -
Period: Mar 20, 1289 to
The Ottoman Empire
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Mar 1, 1352
The Capture of Gallipoli
The capture of Gallipoli supplied the Ottoman Emire with a strong foothold in Europe. It also made the Ottomans a dangerous enemy to the Byzantine Empire. -
Apr 1, 1453
The capture of Constantinople
Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire captured the Byzantine city of Constantinople, and renamed it "Istanbul". The capture of a port-city on the Black Sea gave the Ottoman Empire ports on two seas, the Mediteranean and the Black Seas. -
Period: Mar 20, 1501 to
The Safavid Empire
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Mar 22, 1501
Ismail: Founder of the Safavid Empire
Ismail's parents were murdered by enemies during his childhood - he grew up as an orhpan. Eventually Ismail would become Shah, and names the official religion of the Safavid Empire Twelver Shiism. (The name Safavid comes from the name of a Sufi - Safi al-Din) -
Mar 6, 1508
Humayun: The failure of an Emperor
Born in 1508, Humayun would take the Mughal throne in 1530. He was only the second Mughal Emperor, and had no idea how to run a large Empire. He was immediately removed from power, and the Empire continued. -
Mar 22, 1508
Safavids Conquer Baghdad
The Safavids extended thier rule farther into the Middle East with the conquer of the (modern-day Iranian) city of Baghdad. -
Mar 22, 1514
Battle of Chaldiran
Ottoman leader Selim the Grim attacks the Safavid Empire. The Ottoman's gunpowder technology gave them the upper hand in battle. Ismail, of the Safavid Empire, escapes and leaves his empire to suffer through two centuries of conflict. -
Aug 23, 1514
Shah Esmail suffers a devastating military defeat
On the Chalderan plain, the Safavid ruler Shah Esmail suffered a horrible military defeat. The victor was the fierce Ottoman Empire. This loss allowed the Ottomans to continue thier expanision. -
Mar 22, 1517
Ottomans Capture Cairo
Under the reign of Selim I, the Malmuks of Egypt were defeated and thier capital taken by the Ottomans. Selim I then assumed the role of caliphate in Egypt, -
Mar 22, 1523
Foundations of the Mughal Empire
Zahir al-Din Muhammad (Babur the Tiger), a Chagatai Turk, invaded Northern India in hunt of loot. The gunpowder technology he brought with him allowed for his men to push through India rapidly. Babur goes on to found the Mughal Empire, which expanded through most of India. -
Period: Mar 22, 1526 to
The Mughal Empire
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Mar 22, 1533
Introduction of Slaves and Prisoners into Safavid Court and Military
Shah Tahmasp I asserted his authority firmly with his introduction of converted prisoners into the Courts and Military. -
Mar 21, 1534
Capture of Baghdad
Suleyman the Magnificent (1520-1566) conquered Baghdad and added the Tigris and Euphrates valleys to the territory of the Ottoman Empire. -
Mar 22, 1556
Akbar
The grandson of Babur the Tiger, Akbar ruled the Mughal Empire with and iron fist. To gain fear and respect, he threw the leader of his army out a window twice. Akbar destroyed the Indian kingdom of Vijayanagar, centralized his government, and was religiously tolerant. -
Aug 31, 1569
Jahangir, Son of Akbar
Born in 1569, his full name was Nuruddin Salim Jahangir, which in Persian means: "world conqueror". Jahangir's rule wasn't full of turmoil, and the empire began to prosper under his reign. The Mughal Empire reached its height of prosperity under the reign of his son, Jahan. -
Shah Abbas the Great of the Safavid Empire
Shah Abbas the Great used his time as Shah of the Safavid Empire to strenghten the weak empire. He reformed the military and the Safavid government. Shah Abbas also expanded the trade of the Empire and launched military expansion. -
The Taj Majal
Under the reign of Jahan, Mughal artitechture reached its peak. Emperor Jahan ordered the construction of the Taj Mahal in honor of his deceased wife Mumtaz. The builiding was suppossed to symbolize the love between two individuals. -
The Death of Shah Abbas I
After the death of Shah Abbas I, his son, Safi I, took the throne of the Safavid Empire. Safi I was notorious for his cruelty to his people. -
Shah Abbas II
Shah Abbas II of the Safavid Empire was the last, completely comptent ruler of the Safavids. He was very active in the government of his empire, and was well respected by his people. -
Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb was a ruler of the Mughal Empire. He despised Hinduism and destroyed many Hindu temples and replaced them with mosques. Aurangzeb also heavily taxed remaining Hindu temples. However, he did successfully expand his empire deeper into southern India. -
The Mughal Empire Losses Calcutta
The port city of Calcutta was ruled by the Mughal Empire. In 1696, the East India company took control of the port as a trade center for the company. The reign of the East India Company was supported by Hindu princes in India. -
Safavid Collapse
In 1723, the Ottomans attacked the weakened Safavid Empire. By July of 1724, the Safavids were defeated. Russia and the Ottoman Empire split the Safavid territory in modern-day Iran. -
Afghans Overthrow the Safavid Government
Tired of the rulers of their Empire, a Afghan group destroys the ruling class of the Safavid Empire. After the conquest, a division of powers was decidedm and the Safavid Empire was no more. -
Fall of the Mughal Empire
The British occupation of India was a constant fight between them and the Mughal Empire. Finally, in 1858, the British military depossed of the last Mughal Emperor. -
Bosnia and Herzegovina Rebellion
Bosnia and Herzegovina rebelled against the Ottoman government. This rebellion sparked the Russ-Turkish War, in which Turkey was suprisingly defeated. -
Young Turks
Fed up with the government of the Ottoman empire, young Ottman Turks in exile in Paris organize a coup to overthrow the Ottoman ruler. By 1909 they had replaced the Ottoman ruler and put Muhammad V on the throne. In 1913, the Young Turks were a virtual dictatorship. -
World War I Ends the Ottoman Legacy
The Treaty of Sèvres offically brought about the end of the Ottoman Empire. After losing multiple battles in the war, the Ottomans lost thier influence in Asia and Europe. Modern Turkish history begins in 1922.
