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World War One Conscription Crisis
http://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/life-at-home-during-the-war/recruitment-and-conscription/conscription-1917/ Strained relations between French and English speaking Canadians. By the middle of the war French Canadians felt they had done enough in the European theatre and opposed sending more troops to the front. -
Union Nationale Party created
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/union-nationale/ A Quebec political party created by Duplessis, founded in 1935 and dissolved in 1989. -
World War 2 Conscription Crisis
chrome-extension://bpmcpldpdmajfigpchkicefoigmkfalc/views/app.html By the time they were trained the war was mostly over. French-English relations were strained but not broken. By 1942 reserves were startingly low and Hitler had controlled all of Europe, raising the need for conscripts. -
Duplessis / Era of Great Darkness
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/maurice-le-noblet-duples Duplessis was known for supporting the Catholic Church and Catholic education. Resulting in Quebec schools graduating many teachers, philosophers, and theologians NOT business men, entrepreneurs, etc…. As a result, Quebec’s economy becomes stagnant. Duplessis = Premier of Quebec = leader of the Union Nationale Party believed Quebec should be recognized as a Distinct Society. Bribery = corruption were also its trademarks. -
1960's Quiet Revolution
http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/eras/cold%20war/Quiet%20Revolution.html It was deemed "Quiet" becasue there was no bloodshed. Lesage actually won the election, enter the motto, "Maitre chez nous" - meaning masters of our own house. -
Separatist Movement
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/separatism/ The separatist movement re-emerges in Quebec and gains momentum, especially with the FLQ. The RIN was very important (Rassemblement pour l'independencen nationale) -
Jean Lesage enters Parliament
http://forcejeunesse.qc.ca/maitres-chez-vous/ Jean Lesage replaces Duplessis after his death and starts modernizing education, politics and culture. -
Front de liberation du Quebec was formed
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_de_lib%C3%A9ration_du_Qu%C3%A9bec It was a separatist paramilitary group in Quebec. Regarded as a terrorist organization due to its violent methods of action. -
Bi & Bi Commission
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/royal-commission-on-bilingualism-and-biculturalism/ The Royal Commission on Billingualism and Biculturalism was created in 1963 to eliminate French Canadian alienation. They discovered it was growing and problematic. The commission recommended billingualism in an attempt to unify the country. -
Canada's New Flag
http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Extension/Articles/The-Great-Flag-Debate Under the Pearson gov't... it was decided to have a flag without a British symbol on it. It also acted as a means to unify the country. -
Canada's Immigration Policy becomes "Colour Blind"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_Act,_1976 Prior to this immigration policy was restrictive, giving preference to English speaking (Br. or US) applicants. Now the policy is based on the points system, where applications were scored. Jobs in need in Canada were given higher points than jobs in less demand etc. -
Trudeau becomes Prime Minister
http://www.biography.com/people/pierre-trudeau-9510956#biography Trudeau's ideas were very popular and he was elected into office. He worked very hard right away for things such as universal health care, and reforming government caucus. -
Official Languages Act passed
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/official-languages-act-1969/ Canada is now a billingual nation.This was a product of the Bi-Bi commission. -
War Measures act enacted
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/war-measures-act/ Enacted after the kidnapping of James Cross and murder of Pierre Laporte. 450 people were detained under the act. Only use of the WMA in a domestic crisis. -
FLQ / October crisis
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/october-crisis/ After growing separatist sentiments, the FLQ stepped up their acts of aggression by kidnapping the British diplomat, James Cross. The FLQ wished the release of their FLQ prisoners before releasing Cross. FLQ later kidnaps Pierre Laporte. Trudeau enacts War Measures Act, but Laporte's strangled body is later found in the trunk of a car. -
Policy of Multiculturalism
http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/multiculturalism/citizenship.asp Canada was the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism as a policy. Canada affirmed the value and dignity of all Canadian citizens regardless of their racial or ethnic origins, their language, or their religious affiliation. It encouraged people to express their cultures, and in doing so, it would de-emphasize the French as the only cultural group in Canada. -
Bill 22 introduced
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bill-22/ It made French the language of civic administration and services, and of the workplace in Quebec. Created by Robert Bourassa, a Quebec premier. -
Immigration Policy moves to sponsorship program
http://mapleleafweb.com/features/immigration-policy-canada-history-administration-and-debates Families and businesses could now "vouch for" or sponsor a new immigrant, meaning they would take responsibility for this person's set up in Canada. -
Parti Quebecois wins provincial election
http://www.canadahistory.com/sections/eras/trudeau/pq_come_to_power.htm After winning, they promised separation from Canada.(Separatist government) -
Bill 101 introduced
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bill-101/ Camille Laurin introduced a bill making French the only working language of Quebec. -
Bill 101 passed
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bill-101/ The bill was passed after a lot of controversy. -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quebec-referendum-1980/ Rene Levesque asked people of Quebec to vote "yes" to negotiating a new agreement with Canada based on Sovereignty-association. He proposed that Quebec become politically independent, yet maintain a close economic relationship with Canada. Referendum results : 40% yes, 60% no -
Patriation of the Constitution
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/patriation-of-the-constitution/ KItchen compromise. Canada "patriated" its Constitution, transferring the country's highest law, the British North America Act, from the authority of the British Parliament — a connection from the colonial past — to Canada's federal and provincial legislatures. -
Constitution Act
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1982 Trudeau went ahead and new constitution signed by QE 2 and Trudeau at Ottawa parliament buildings. Our constitution had come home. -
Brian Mulroney becomes Prime Minister
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/brian-mulroney/ Leader of the Progressive party. -
Reform party created
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/reform-party-of-canada/ The Reform Party of Canada was a Western-based political party that grew out of a coalition of discontented Western interest groups. -
Bloc Quebecois formed
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/bloc-quebecois/ It was made up of Québec MPs who left the Conservative and Liberal parties after the failure of the Meech Lake Accord -
Department of Multiculturalism founded
http://www.pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/canadian-multiculturalism-act-1988 The Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988 provided a legislative framework for the official policy of multiculturalism adopted by the government in 1971. The act sought to protect the cultural heritage of Canadians, reduce discrimination and encourage the implementation of multicultural programs and activities within institutions and organizations. -
Meech Lake Accord
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/meech-lake-accord/ Elijah Harper, a native member of parliament, refused to give his approval on signing the Accord. The Federal Govt offered to push back the deadline, but this would force Quebec to ratify the document again. The situation irritated Clyde Wells, Premier of Newfoundland and refused to sign. -
Charlottetown Accord
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-charlottetown-accord/ A failed, joint attempt by Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to attend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act. The Accord would have also decentralized many federal powers to the provinces, and it was ultimately rejected by Canadian voters in a referendum. -
Parti Quebecois returned to power
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois Returned to power with 44.7% of the vote and 77 seats in the National Assembly - strong majority -
2nd Referendum on Sovereignty Association
http://ualawccsprod.srv.ualberta.ca/ccs/index.php/sz/545-sovereignty-association] Second referendum to ask Quebec whether Quebec should proclaim national sovereignty and become an independent country. 49.4 yes, 50.6 no. -
Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarity_Act Stated that any future referenda, Quebec must ask a clear question & win a clear majority, making it impossible for Quebec to gain independence from Canada through a referendum. Quebec didn't have the right to separate.
