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James I Stuart
James I came to the English throne because Elizabeth I died without issue and the Tudor line died with her. He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots, he used the tittle King of Great because he ruled over England, Scotland, ad Ireland until he died. -
Charles I Stuart
Charles I was the second son of James I, he was anti-parliament. He wanted to do whatever he wanted but Parliament didn't allow him too. Both the English and Scottish Parliaments rose against him in the English Civil War and he was subsequently executed for treason. The monarchy was then abolished. -
Short Parliament
Desperate for money to fight the Scots, Charles I was forced to summon a new parliament. At first, there seemed a good chance that members of parliament might be prepared to set their resentments of the king's domestic policies aside and agree to grant him money, but he was forced to dissolve it within a month. -
Long Parliament
With the Scottish army firmly established in Northern England and refusing to leave until its expenses had been paid, Charles I was again forced to summon a parliament. But instead of providing the king with financial assistance, they voiced their angry complaints against his policies. -
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The English Civil Wars
The English Civil Wars stemmed from conflict between Charles I and Parliament over an Irish insurrection. The first war was settled with Oliver Cromwell’s victory for Parliamentary forces at the 1645 Battle of Naseby. The second phase ended with Charles’ defeat at the Battle of Preston and his subsequent execution in 1649. The third war, Cromwell shattered the remaining Royalist forces and ended the “wars of the three kingdoms,” though Charles II eventually ascended to the throne in 1660. -
Louis XIV declared King
Louis XIV was a miracle from God, after 23 years of marriage he was his parents first child. Queen Anne is regent and Mazarin is prime Minister, he increases France and royal powers via policy, conflict and treaties . -
Oliver Cromwell Makes Himself Lord Protector
After the execution of Charles I, the various factions in parliament began to squabble amongst themselves. In frustration, Oliver Cromwell dismissed the purged 'Rump' parliament and summoned a new one. Cromwell’s self-appointment as 'Lord Protector' gave him powers akin to a monarch. -
Charles II Restored the throne
Charles II's official restoration to the English throne - he had already been acknowledged as king in Scotland in 1651 - occurred on 29 May. The king’s restoration was marked by massive celebrations, lesser versions of which continued to be held on Royal Oak Day for centuries to come. -
Mazarin dies, Louis XIV becomes the Sun King
After Mazarin’s dies in 1661, Louis XIV broke with tradition and astonished his court by declaring that he would rule without a chief minister. He viewed himself as the direct representative of God, endowed with a divine right to wield the absolute power of the monarchy. Louis worked tirelessly to centralize and tighten control of France and its overseas colonies. Everything revolved around him and he wanted everything done his way. -
The Glorious Revolution
It involved the overthrow of the Catholic king James II, who was replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange.They changed the way England was governed, it gave Parliament more control. -
English Bill of Rights
Parliament met with Mary and William, they agreed to a joint monarchy making them queen & king. The two new rulers accepted more restrictions from Parliament than any previous monarchs, they signed the bill of rights. The document granted several constitutional principles, forbidding the monarchy from being catholic. The Bill of Rights was the first step into constitutional monarchy. -
Mary dies
William III's wife Mary died at the age of 32 leaving no children. William had loved his wife deeply, despite the somewhat tempestuous nature of their relationship, and was grief-stricken at her death. -
Treaty of the Grand Alliance
The expansionist policies of Louis XIV of France were threatening to overturn the balance of power in Europe, and his attempts to bring about a future union of the Spanish and French crowns caused the English, Dutch and Austrians to ally against him. The so-called 'War of the Spanish Succession' began the following year. -
House of hanover next in line for the english throne
William III was childless, as was James II's last surviving child, Anne. English Protestants wanted to prevent the return of James II and his Catholic son, also James. Parliament decreed that after the deaths of William, Anne and any children they might yet have, the throne would revert to the heirs of James I's daughter, Elizabeth, the wife of the Elector Palatine. Sophie, electress of Hanover, and her heirs became next in line to the throne. -
Treaty of Utrech
The English and their Dutch allies came to terms with France at the Treaty of Utrecht, ending ten years of warfare. Many long-standing problems were resolved by the treaty. In particular, the French agreed to abandon their support for the dynastic claims of James II's son, James, to the throne of Great Britain. France also recognised the Hanoverian succession in Britain, which had been established by the Act of Settlement in 1701.