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England was ruled by Tudor monarchs from 1485 to 1603.
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a constant need for money also led Herny to consult parliment frequently. although he had inherited a bullging treasury , he quickly used up all his funds fighting overseas wars.
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Late 1500's France was torn apart by turbulent wars of religion.
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In 1516, Ferdinand and Isabella's grandson, Charles I, became king of Spain.
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Charles V's grandfather died in 1519, Charles I also heir to the sprawling Hapsburg empire.
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In 1556, Charles V gave up his titles and enetered a monastry.
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From 1560's to 1590's religious wars between the Catholic majority and French Protestants, called Huguenots.
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Protestants and catholics alike opposed high taxes.
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A hugenot prince inherited the French throne as a Henry IV.
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In the late 1500s, France was torn apart by turbulant wars of rebeligion.
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In the 1600s, spains strength and prosperity decreased.
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In the 1600's, while Louis XIV made better royal absolution in France, political power in England went down a different road.
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Throught the 1600's spains strength and prosperity decreased
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Russia was stilla medieval state
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when philp ruled : copostly overseas wars drained wealth out of spain, and treasure from amerricas led spain to neglect farming and commerce.
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the goverment heavily taxed the small class.
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- the explosion of musliums and jews from spain deprived the economy of many skilled artisans, and merchants
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to levy new taxes, the king had to seek the approval from parliments
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James repeaditly clashed with plariament over money and foregin policy. he needed funds to finance his lavish court and wage wars.
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the fighting took a terrible toll. Roving armies of mercenaries, or soliders for hire, burned villages, dystroyed crops, and killed without mercy.
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Charles i inherited the throne.
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He imprisoned he foes without trail and squeezed the nation for money.
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Charles needed to raise money taxes forced charles to summoin parliament. the king from raising taxes without parliament consent or from jailing antone without legal justifcation. v
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Charles and Laud tried to impose the Anglican prayer book on Scotland.
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The 1640 parliment became known as the long because it lasted until 1653.
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The civil war that followed behind the Parliament lasted from 1642 to 1651
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enrich the royal treasury, and he had new lands cleared for farming. also encouraged mining and other basic industries, built up luxury trades such as lace making.
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louis expanded the bureaucracy and appointed intendants, royal officals who collected taxes , recruted soliders , and carried out his polices on the provinces.
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these and other governments jobs often went to weathly middle class men. the state paid, fed, trained, and suplied up to 300,000 soliders.
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In 1648 the combatants accepted a series of treaties , known as the Peace of Westphalia.
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Charles I stood on a scaffold surrounded by his foes and declared that he is a martyr of the people in 1649.
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louis's brilliant finance minister, Jean Baptiste Clobert imposed mercatilist polices to bolster the economy. colbert polices help make france the wealthiest state in Europe.
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Peter dies leaving a mixed legacy
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At this time Prussia was strong enough to challenge its rival Austria
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Hapsburg power by recognize the bureaucracy and improving tax collection.forced the nobles and the clergy to pay taxes and tried to ease the burden of taxes and laborservices on peasants.
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The Seven Year's War lasted from 1756 until 1763
