The Middle ages

Odoacer king of Italy

476

End of the Western Roman Empire

King Clovis I crowned

481

Clovis I converts to Christianity

500

Clovis I death - kingdom divided among his 4 sons

511

Justin I accession

518

Re-establish relationship ending 35-year

Easter Tables

526

Published by Dionysius Exiguus
Proposes the AD system

Justinian I become emperor of the Byzantine Empire

527

Justinian Code

534

Created by Justian I
Basis of modern legal law

Justinian I dies

564

Peak of his kingdom

Pope Gregory I becomes secular

570

expands papal power

Heraculis emperor of Constantinople

610

Death of Muhammad

632

Arab's attempt to conquer Constantinople fail

674

Pepin II unites Frankish kingdom

687

Greek replaces Latin as oficial language

700

Eastern Roman empire

Battle of Tours

732

Charles Martel defeats Muslim army - halts Islam conquest in Spain

Carolingian Dinasty founded

751

Pepin III succeeds Charles Martel after being certified by the Pope

Charlemagne succeeds Pepin III

772

First Viking rain on England

789

First Viking rain on Scotland

795

Pope crowns Charlemagne at St. Peter's

800

Romanesque style of architecture develops in Frankish empire

800

Treaty of Verdun

843

Charlemagne's grandson divides the Frankish empire

Basil I founds Macedonian Dynasty

867

Magyars start settling in Hungary

906

Edgar unites England

959

John XII crowns Otto I

962

Charlemagne's empire becomes the Holy Roman Empire

Arithmetical notation adopted from Arab

975

Capetian Dinasty founded

987

by Hugh Capet

Umayyad caliphate in Spain desintegrates

1002

Gothic style of architecture begins

1010

Canute unites England, Denmark and Norway

1016

Byzantine Empire greatest extent reached

1025

by Constantine VIII

Beginning of Christian Reconquista

1031

William I becomes duke of Normandy

1035

Northern empire divided

1035

Canute divides the empire to his 3 sons

Beginning of Agricultural Revolution

1050

Adopts astrolabe from Arabs

Gregory VII becomes Pope

1072

Foreshadow the conflict between the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire

Henry IV seeks end of excommunication from Pope Gregory VII

1077

First Crusade

Period: 1095 to 1099

Issued by Pope Urban II
Indulgences granted
Philosophy, science, literature, art, astronomy brought back by soldiers

Antioch and most of Syria captured

1098

Knights Templar

Period: 1119 to 1312

Founded in the Holy Land after the 1st Crusade
Warrior monks lead by Hugues of Payens and Godfrey of Saint-Omer
Poverty, Chastity and Obedience + Protect the Chistians of the Holy Land
Highly trained, formidable fighting force, excelled at heavy cavalry tactics
By mid-12th century the order was incredibly wealthy & powerful

Baldwin recognizes the Knights Templar order

1120

Grants them a face in his palace to the south of the Temple of the Lord

Zangi, Mosul governor captures Edessa

1144

Second Crusade

Period: 1147 to 1149

Issued by Pope Eugene III
October 1147-Turks annihilated Conrad’s forces at Dorylaeum
Christian defeat Damascus forces at the end of the Second Crusade

Battle of mount Cadmus

1148

Knights Templar prevented total annihilation of Louis army

Knights Templar banking system introduced

1150

Organized a banking system for Christian pylgrims

Frederick I king of Germany

1152

Battle of Montgisard

1177

Knights templar defeated Saladin's forces

Saladin conquers Jerusalem

1187

Battle of Hattin

1187

Saladin seized Jerusalem

Third Crusade

Period: 1187 to 1192

Lead by Frederick Barbarossa, Phillip II of France and Richard Lionheart
Christian failure to recapture Jerusalem
Treaty signed - unarmed Christians can visit the Holy land
Kingdom of Jerusalem reestablished

Richard Lion-hearted succeeds Henry II

1189

Preparation for third crusade

Battle of Arsuf

1191

Richard Lionheart defeats Saladin
Knights Templar commanded the vanguard

Richard Lion-Hearted dies

1199

Accession of John Softsword

Fourth Crusade

Period: 1200 to 1204

Issued by Pope Innocent III - Crusaders diverted their mission to put Alexius IV to power in Constantinople
Alexius was killed in a coup in 1204
Fall of Constantinople ended this crusade

Fourth Crusade

1204

issued to recapture Jerusalem
Pope Innocent III recognizes Otto IV as emperor

Cambridge University founded

1209

Fifth Crusade

1213

Issued by Innocent III

Carta-Magna sealed

1215

by King John

Fifth Crusade

Period: 1219 to 1221

Launched to save the Holy Land by Pope Innocent III
Crusaders attacked Egypt and were forced to surrender to Muslim
Failed

Frederick II crowned Holy Roman emperor

1220

Sixth Crusade

Period: 1228 to 1229

Frederick II gained peaceful control of Jerusalem through negociations

Inquisition established in Touluse

1232

Papal inquisition - only 2 witnesses needed
if found guilty and after 90 days didn't repent burnt at stake

Seventh Crusade

Period: 1248 to 1254

Organised by Louis IX of France
To conquer Egypt - Failed

Treaty of Paris

1259

Louis IX cedes lands to Henry III

Eighth Crusade

Period: 1270 to 1271

Organised By Louis IX
Aim: aid the remaining Crusader states in Syria
Redirected to Tunis - Louis dies
Edward I of England makes another expeditions but also fails
last significant crusade

Death of Thomas of Aquinas

1274

Jacques de Molay Arrest

Oct 13, 1307

King Philip IV of France was in debt with the Templars and wanted the order to be destroyed.
Many Templars were arrested with de Molay
de Molay was the last Grand Master

Council of Viena

1312

The Pope Clement V disbanded the order of the Knights Templars completely

Jacques de Molay death

Mar 18, 1314

After being tortured de Molay confessed to heresy and was sentences to death.
On the stake, before being burnt alive he retracted his confession and said that God would punish the king of France

Death of Philip IV

Nov 29, 1314

After having a hunting accident Philip died in France the same year Jacques de Molay did.
Some say de Molay's curse came to fruition

100 Years War begins

1337

Scots ally with French¡

Battle of Crécy

1346

French defeated by the English

Black Death

Period: 1348 to 1349

Greece, France, Italy, Spain, Britain, N. Africa and C. Europe infected
Widespread Jewish persecution in Germany

Battle of Poitiers

1356

French defeated by English

Treaty of Brétigny

1360

Ends phase 1 of the Hundred Years War

Bible translated to vernacular

1380

by John Wyclif

Treaty of Luelinghen

1396

Ends 2nd phase of the Hundred Years' War

Banking founded in Florence

1397

By the Medici Family

Hussite Reformist movement begins

1398

leader Jan Hus

Joan of Arc burnt at stake

1432

End of Eastern Roman Empire

1453

Ottomans conquer Constantinople