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End of the Western Roman Empire
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Re-establish relationship ending 35-year
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Published by Dionysius Exiguus
Proposes the AD system -
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Created by Justian I
Basis of modern legal law -
Peak of his kingdom
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expands papal power
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Eastern Roman empire
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Charles Martel defeats Muslim army - halts Islam conquest in Spain
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Pepin III succeeds Charles Martel after being certified by the Pope
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Charlemagne's grandson divides the Frankish empire
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Charlemagne's empire becomes the Holy Roman Empire
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by Hugh Capet
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by Constantine VIII
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Canute divides the empire to his 3 sons
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Adopts astrolabe from Arabs
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Foreshadow the conflict between the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire
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Issued by Pope Urban II
Indulgences granted
Philosophy, science, literature, art, astronomy brought back by soldiers -
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Founded in the Holy Land after the 1st Crusade
Warrior monks lead by Hugues of Payens and Godfrey of Saint-Omer
Poverty, Chastity and Obedience + Protect the Chistians of the Holy Land
Highly trained, formidable fighting force, excelled at heavy cavalry tactics
By mid-12th century the order was incredibly wealthy & powerful -
Grants them a face in his palace to the south of the Temple of the Lord
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Issued by Pope Eugene III
October 1147-Turks annihilated Conrad’s forces at Dorylaeum
Christian defeat Damascus forces at the end of the Second Crusade -
Knights Templar prevented total annihilation of Louis army
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Organized a banking system for Christian pylgrims
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Knights templar defeated Saladin's forces
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Saladin seized Jerusalem
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Lead by Frederick Barbarossa, Phillip II of France and Richard Lionheart
Christian failure to recapture Jerusalem
Treaty signed - unarmed Christians can visit the Holy land
Kingdom of Jerusalem reestablished -
Preparation for third crusade
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Richard Lionheart defeats Saladin
Knights Templar commanded the vanguard -
Accession of John Softsword
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Issued by Pope Innocent III - Crusaders diverted their mission to put Alexius IV to power in Constantinople
Alexius was killed in a coup in 1204
Fall of Constantinople ended this crusade -
issued to recapture Jerusalem
Pope Innocent III recognizes Otto IV as emperor -
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Issued by Innocent III
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by King John
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Launched to save the Holy Land by Pope Innocent III
Crusaders attacked Egypt and were forced to surrender to Muslim
Failed -
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Frederick II gained peaceful control of Jerusalem through negociations
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Papal inquisition - only 2 witnesses needed
if found guilty and after 90 days didn't repent burnt at stake -
Organised by Louis IX of France
To conquer Egypt - Failed -
Louis IX cedes lands to Henry III
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Organised By Louis IX
Aim: aid the remaining Crusader states in Syria
Redirected to Tunis - Louis dies
Edward I of England makes another expeditions but also fails
last significant crusade -
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King Philip IV of France was in debt with the Templars and wanted the order to be destroyed.
Many Templars were arrested with de Molay
de Molay was the last Grand Master -
The Pope Clement V disbanded the order of the Knights Templars completely
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After being tortured de Molay confessed to heresy and was sentences to death.
On the stake, before being burnt alive he retracted his confession and said that God would punish the king of France -
After having a hunting accident Philip died in France the same year Jacques de Molay did.
Some say de Molay's curse came to fruition -
Scots ally with French¡
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French defeated by the English
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Greece, France, Italy, Spain, Britain, N. Africa and C. Europe infected
Widespread Jewish persecution in Germany -
French defeated by English
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Ends phase 1 of the Hundred Years War
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by John Wyclif
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Ends 2nd phase of the Hundred Years' War
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By the Medici Family
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leader Jan Hus
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Ottomans conquer Constantinople