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After travelling to Denmark where the "Witches Hammer" had influenced many, King James VI became obsessed with witches and wrote the Daemonologie
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King James I who had been ruling as James VI become king after Queen Elizabeth passed away.
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The Roman Catholics were angered by King James I who was a Protestant, which caused them to get together and plot to explode the King and Parliament. The plan failed.
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King James I creates his own version of the Bible that becomes authorized and is used for 250 years
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*the end date is not correct
King James I who disliked Puritans ignored Parliament (which was composed mostly of Puritans) for seven years. The only time he called Parliament was when he was in need of money so he could party. -
The only visit to Scotland after becoming the king of England and the ruler of the united crown of England and Scotland
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Leaving behind many problems for the next king, King James I passed away due to stomach problems.
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Charles I, the son of James I became king. Unfortunately, he was as good of a king as his father. He relied on other such as the Duke of Buckingham for advice and enjoyed partying.
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The duke of Buckingham was assinated by the parliament
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The Parliament refuses to fund the King unless he signs the Petition of Rights which was a charter that provided specific rights for citizens and took away power from the King. It supported the Magna Carta.
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When King Charles I brought an end to his eleven years of Personal Rule by calling the Short Parliament
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The English lose a battle against the Scottish at the Battle of Newburn.
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The end of the Bishops' War, the Treaty of Ripon
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King Charles I summons the Long Parliament because he is running out of money
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The Parliament creates the Earl of Stratfford
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Charles I is forced to sign the Grand Remonstrance, a bill. Taken place at Hampton Court. The bill made him agree to call Parliament regularly, not impose and invent illegal taxes, pass control of the militia to parliament, and uphold the privillege of parliament.
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Charles I thought that he could get rid of the Grand Remonstrance since it was narrowly passed. He attempted to capture the leaders of the bill with 500 soldiers but they had already escaped. Since this attack was illegal, the Parliament called for an army which lead to open rebellions. Charles left Westminster for Nottingham.
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Charles I declared war on Parliament at Nottingham where had support. The began the Civil War.
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The Royalist Army is defeated by the New Model Army
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The Royalist Army is defeated once more by the New Model Army
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After fleeing to Scotland because he was defeated, the Scots handed him over to Parliament
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The beginning of Putney Debates -- The Levellers against the army Grandees.
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The High Court of Justice begins a trial for Charles I -- which doesn't make sense because the crime was that he overthrew himself
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Cromwell and Puritans drive out 143 Presbyterian members of Parliament, which only leaves Rump Parliament of 60 members. Charles I is charged for making war on his own people. Charged with treason, trial for life.
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Charles I was found guilty and beheaded
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For the Commonwealth, he secured most of Ulster, Leinster and Munster.
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Charles II runs away from England to Normany, France
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Cromwell's son, Richard is decided as the succesor by the Council of Officers and the Army.
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Forbidding anyone but the Church members from holding political office or entering the professions
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The Glorious Revolution. James II who is openly Catholic takes the throne, however, at that time the majority of England was Anti-Catholic. James II gave high offices to Catholics despite the Tet Act. He believed in the Divine Right of Kings and wanted England to return Catholic.
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For the first time in English History, the Parliament chose the monarchy instead of the right to the throne being passed down by blood. James’s protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange was chosen. Supporters of James fleed England, and James abdicated the throne and left as well.
Divine Right dissapears, William and Mary had to oblige to the Bill of Rights. -
Mary and William signed the Bill of Rights when they became the monarchs of England.It was made clear that Parliament was the real government of the country. Suspending/executing laws are illegal without the consent of parliament is illegal, people have the right to petition to the King, it is illegal punish people forpetitioning, elections of members of parliament are free, freedom of speech, debates or proceedings of Parliament can’t be impeached or questioned anywhere outside of Parliament, e
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After 1700, enclosure (which is when landowners began to consolidate small strips of land into large fields) sped up
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Jethro Tull invented the Seed Drill
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Newcomen invents the steam engine
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Kay invents the flying shuttle
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Darby creates the cast iron
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Quebec is surrendered to the British. One of the causes of the American Revolution.
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the first canal was built. this is important because transportation played a key role in the industrial revolution. --> moving raw goods and products back and forth
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Stops the fighting between France and Britain over North America. France gives control of all Canadian properties (except Louisiana to Spain) to England. Quebec is under British military rule. The language remains the same, the culture continues on, and business interactions are fair.
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Royal Proclamation by King George. Land west of the Appalachian Mountains isn't open for speculation, colonists (new englanders) cannot move to the Ohio Valley. The natives keep control of their land. Colonists are angered by this as it made them feel like second-class citizens
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Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny
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An act passed by the British government -- A small tax colonists had to pay on many goods and services. The tax was in the form of a stamp that people had to buy and stick on. The money from the stamps were supposed to fund the costs of defending the American Colonies. Americans were angered by it b/c they had no representatives in Parliament and were being taxed without consent. No Taxation without Representation. Act was passed 2 years after seven years war, when England was in debt.
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Sons of Liberty was created - an inter-colonial organization that was compromised of members from middle and upper class. They relied on public demonstrations to advertise their group so that they could get more people from all classes to join.
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The Stamp Act caused a lot of protests: offices who enforced it were attacked (tarred and feathered, homes destryoed) Politicians and English people decided it was a disaster and sided with the Ameircans.
Even though the Stamp Act was taken away, there were still other acts -
Samuel Slater, the father of the Industrial Revolution (the American Factory system) is born
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Watt improves the steam engine ( a key part of the industrial revolution because the steam engine was needed in order to make factories run efficiently )
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Arkwright invents the water frame
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The colonists who had been forced to house soldiers and restrict trade and buisness while British soldiers roamed their streets rebelled. A protest at an officer's house got out of hand and the British were forced to shoot, but only seven people were killed.
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The British Parliament gave the struggling East India Company a monopoly on tea imports to the colonies in North America. They made the price lower on the tea that the East India Company was selling so that the colonists would want to buy their tea. However, by buying the tea, the colonists would be admitting that the Parliament had a right to tax them. Another example of taxation without representation.
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When members of the Sons of Liberty dressed up (poorly) as first nations and ran onto three East India Company boats and dumped 45 tons of tea into the Boston Harbour. Lead by Samuel Adams.
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The Quebec Act made Quebec into a British Colony with favorable rules for the French. The Americans were upset though because the French could keep being Catholic and it expanded Quebec's lands.
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In response to the Boston Tea Party, the British govenment passed a series of acts that the colonists called "intolerable".
1. Boston Port Act
2. The Massachussetts Government Act
3. The Administration of Justice Act
4. The Quatering Act
There was also the Quebec Act but it wasn't in reaction to the Boston Tea Party. -
The colonists got together in Phliadelphia to complain about Britain and decide on what to do because they thought the acts the British were creating weren't acceptable. The delegates got together and decided to boycott all British goods.
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First major batttle of the American Revolution - Shot heard round the world
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British won again but American's became more confident.
"Don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyes" to save ammunition -
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First real major battle between the Americans and British
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Crossing of the river and overwhlemed the Hessians - victory for the Americans
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The Americans won again, driving the British out of New Jersey
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Turning point of the revolutionary war. British General Burgoyne's 3-pronged attack failed and he surrendered as a result. This battle convinced the French to help the Americans by supplying ammunition, money and eventually ships
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Last major battle of the American Revolutionary War. British general Cornwallis was defeated by General George Washington, Henry Clinton and Greene. While Cornwallis was weakened and waiting for reinforcements, he was forced to fight and the Americans won.
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in the textile industry, steam-powered mills were put in the factories
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Louis XVI calls meeting of the Estates-General. It was the first time that the Estates-General had been called since 1614
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In order to get weapons, the Third Estate stormed into the Bastille and destroyed the building.
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The Tennis Court Oath. The Third Estate gets kicked out of the meeting room and they meet in the tennis court in Versailles and declare themselves the National Assembly.
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The National Assembly wrote the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen which is very similar to America's Declaration of Independence
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The National Assembly announces that they are the consituent National Assembly which means that they have authority and can pass laws.
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The National Assembly announces that feudalism and serfdom no longer exists in France.
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The women of Paris, parisians led by large numbers of women marched to Versaille. They forced the royal family to go back to Paris, in Tuieries.
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The law was passed and this took away the French clergy's lands (and they were given assignats in exchange)
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Whilst attempting to run away from France to seek help and gain support from foreign countries, he was arrested. The left because other nobles were leaving.
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The first meeting of the National Convention (constitutional and legislative assembly of France)
Robespierre and Marat were present -
Louis' trial begins. He was eventually executed
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He was sent to the guillotine and executed publicly
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The Reign of Terror where anyone who opposed the revolution was executed began.
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Robespierre was sentenced to the guillotine and executed without a trial
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the first English Factory Acts were passed which attempted to improve working conditions for factory workers, specifically to apprentices in cotton and wool mills
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Introduction of Civil Code
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Napoleon crowns himself Emperor (takes the crown out of the pope's hand and puts it on his own head)
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After being exiled to Elba by the other leaders of Europe, he heard that he was needed again and escaped.
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Napoleon was exiled again, but this time it was an island that was near nothing and he had no hope of escape.
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in 1809 it became illegal to hire a child that was under the age of nine to work in the textile industry
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Napoleon dies from stomach cancer during his exile
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Early labor unions were legalized by parliament after they found out the conditions the workers had to be in.
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George and Robert Stephenson built a locomotive called the Rocket. It could pull a small train at a speed that was record-setting.
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a law passed to help the needy (wasn't very succesful even after it was reformed in 1834)
