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Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges. -
Charles I comes to te throne
1625 - Charles I of England accedes to the English throne, and shortly after marries a French, Bourbon, Roman Catholic princess, Henrietta Maria -
Charles "dismisses" Parliament
1626 - Parliament dismisses George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham from command of English forces in Europe; Charles, furious, dismisses Parliament. -
Petition of Right
1628 - Charles recalls Parliament; Parliament draws up Petition of Right which Charles reluctantly accepts. Which says that Charles must regularly hold Parliament and tells him off, takes away few of his rights -
Charles dismisses Parliament to 1640
1629 - Charles dismisses Parliament and does not call it again until 1640, -
Charles angers Scots
1637 - Charles attempts to impose Anglican services on the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, Jenny Geddes reacts starting a tumult which leads to the National Covenant. -
Short Parliament
13 April, first meeting of the Short Parliament -
Charles dissolves short Parliament
5 May, Charles dissolves the Short Parliament -
Long Parliament
3 November, first meeting of the Long Parliament. -
Irish rebels
October, outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 -
Grand Remonstrance
1 December - The Grand Remonstrance is presented to the King
Grand Remonstrance was a list of grievances presented to King Charles I of England . -
British Civil war #1
20 August, King Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham and the war commences -
Charles is caught
26 December, a faction of Scottish Covenanters sign The Engagement with Charles I -
Pride's urge
7 December – Pride's Purge, when troops removed opponents of Oliver Cromwell from Parliament by force of arms resulting in Rump Parliament -
Charges against Charles
20 January 1649, The trial of Charles I of England by the High Court of Justice begins -
Charles Executed
30 January 1649, Charles I of England executed by beheading -
Chales 2
5 February 1649, The eldest son of Charles I, Charles, proclaimed King of Scots in Edinburgh, Scotland -
Common Wealth
1649-1653, The first period of the Commonwealth of England -
Charles 2 crowned King
1 January, Charles II crowned King of Scots at Scone -
Charles 2 runs and hides
September, the start of the escape of Charles II -
Rump Parliament disbanded
20 April 1653, The Rump Parliament disbanded by Oliver Cromwell -
Oliver Leaves
13 April 1657, Oliver Cromwell declines the crown of England
He says that he had failed as a leader and became what he ought to destroy -
Richard Cromwell
1658-1659, The Protectorate under Richard Cromwell, who was Olivers son, who soon left because he was weak-willed. -
Rump Parliament fully dissolved
13 October 1659, Rump Parliament disbanded again by General Bishop -
Restoration Charles 2 comes back
1660, English Restoration and the return of King Charles II of England -
Conventional Parliament
25 April 1660, Convention Parliament assembled for the first time -
Glorious revolution
The Glorious Revolution,was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by English Parliamentarians with the Dutch s William III of Orange with his wife Mary II of England. The Glorious Revolution had no violence that is wherethe nameis derived from -
New form of fuel
Abraham Darby uses coke to smelt iron ore, replacing wood and charcoal as fuel. -
Louis XV comes to power
Louis XV succeeds his geat-grandfather and rules over France -
Louis XVI comes to Power
Louis succeeds Louis XV and comes to the throne at Versailles, he soon marries Mary Antionnette for French-Austrian benefits. -
First threshing machine.
First threshing machine was invented -
Uses of barges to carry coal and other fuel like materials
James Brindley's Bridgewater Canal opens. Barges carry coal from Worsley to Manchester. -
Treaty of Paris
Ending the Seven Year’s War, also known as the French and Indian War in North America. France ceded all mainland North American territories, except New Orleans, in order to retain her Caribbean sugar islands. Britain gained all territory east of the Mississippi River; Spain kept territory west of the Mississippi, but exchanged East and West Florida for Cuba. -
Royal Proclamation
Wary of the cost of defending the colonies, George III prohibited all settlement west of the Appalachian mountains without guarantees of security from local Native American nations. -
Sugar Act
The first attempt to finance the defence of the colonies by the British Government. -
Stamp Act
Seeking to defray some of the costs of garrisoning the colonies, Parliament required all legal documents, newspapers and pamphlets required to use watermarked, or 'stamped' paper on which a levy was placed. -
Quartering Act
Colonial assemblies required to pay for supplies to British garrisons. The New York assembly argued that it could not be forced to comply. -
British Army arrives
British troops arrive in Boston in response to political unrest. -
Boston Massacre
Angered by the presence of troops and Britain's colonial policy, a crowd began harassing a group of soldiers guarding the customs house; a soldier was knocked down by a snowball and discharged his musket, sparking a volley into the crowd which kills five civilians. -
Tea Act
In an effort to support the ailing East India Company, Parliament exempted its tea from import duties and allowed the Company to sell its tea directly to the colonies. Americans resented what they saw as an indirect tax subsidising a British company. -
Boston Tea Party
Angered by the Tea Acts, American patriots disguised as Mohawk Indians dump £9,000 of East India Company tea into the Boston harbour. -
Intolerable Acts
Four measures which stripped Massachusetts of self-government and judicial independence following the Boston Tea Party. The colonies responded with a general boycott of British goods. -
Cotinental Congress
First meeting -
Imroved steam engine
Watt's first efficient steam engine, much more efficient than the Newcomen. -
Battle of Lexington and Concord
First engagements of the Revolutionary War between British troops and the Minutemen, who had been warned of the attack by Paul Revere. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
The first major battle of the War of Independence. Sir William Howe dislodged William Prescott's forces overlooking Boston at a cost of 1054 British casualties to the Americans' 367. -
French Help American rebels
France provides aid to the Americans -
Decleration of Independence
Continental Congress issues the Declaration of Independence -
Battle of Long Island
British forces occupy New York after American defeats. -
Battle of Trenton
American hope for winning restored after a glorious victory -
Battle of Princeton
General Washington attacked Trenton to avoid a British advance, attacking the British rearguard and train near Princeton. -
Battle of Saraoga, Virginia
Lacking supplies, 5,700 British, German and loyalist forces under Major General John Burgoyne surrender to Major General Horatio Gates in a turning point in the Revolutionary War. -
First Steam powered mills
First steam powered mills. Crompton's "mule" combines Hargreaves' and Arkwright's machines, fully automating the weaving process. -
Battle of Yorktown
Surrender of British forces under Cornwallis at Yorktown. -
British Government authorises peace negotiations.
British have lost much and believe that it is no longer worth fighting, they request and resign for terms, to be following by the loss of trade, a disadvantage to both the USA and England -
Treaty of Paris, formally ending the Revolutionary War
The Revolution ended,
Victors: 13 Colonies, France
Losses: 13 Colonies, trade routes from 13 colonies, raw materials provided to England from the 13 colonies. -
Shay's Rebellion
Massachusetts rebellion led by the Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays against high taxes. -
Adoption of the American Constitution
Made Official, and set -
Tennis Court Oath commenced
Tennis Court Oath was a pivotal event during the first days of the French Revolution. The Oath was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789. -
Decleration of Constituent Assemby by the French National Assembly
National Assembly declares itself Constituent Assembly. -
Storming of the Bastille
Armed citizens storm and capture the Bastille. Prisoner rebels, (few) are kept in the Bastille fortress, along with many weapons. Poor and fed up rebels attack the Bastille with light weaponry and few cannons, succesully winning the seige and recieving the ammunition and weapons within, also sending outa clear message to the royal nobles -
Great Fear
Great Fear’ begins as peasants revolt across France. Lack of food, money, France still in-debt and no income recieved, corrupt King and government causes the people (mostly low and medium class to revolt. -
Decleration of the right of Man and the citizen.
National Assembly decrees Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, forcing it upon Louis XVI -
Rebelion at Versailles by Fisher women
Women lead delegation to King in Versaille demanding bread. After scuffles, they are fobbed off by the King. Their main target was money-wasing, cake-eating Mary Antionnette, they attacked her bedroom and tore her bed sheets and her mattress with knives and pich forks -
King returns to Paris.
Louis is forced to enter Paris, "House arrest" -
Abolition of nobility and titles.
Titles removed, high nobles, rich Aristocrats targeted -
Louis and Mary try to escape Paris
Louis XVI and Mary Antionnette attempt to flee to Varennes by dressing as house maids, but are recognised and forcibly returned to Paris. Shamed and humilliated they return -
King formally accepts Constitution.
King formally accepts Constitution. -
Constituent Assembly dissolves.
It was dissolved by the movment leaders, so early only o be followed by Legislative Assembly -
Legislative Assembly Commences
Legislative Assembly was operating under the French Constitution of 1791, between the periods of the National Constituent Assembly and of the National Convention. -
Food riots across Paris.
Still the issue of Hunger and lack of food and money, and bankrupcy continues -
France Declares war on Austria
Austrian aid to the monarchy, is not tolerated y the French movement, they soon declare war on Louis' allies and are within a war with Austria, who his joined only by Prussia, France has greater problems within its borders -
French start to win!
French forces defeat the invading force at Valmy. Henceforth the Revolution would enjoy victory in its military conflicts. -
Republcan Calender
The Convention elected by the Legislative Assembly commences, abolishes monarchy; day one of the Republican Calendar. -
Louis XVI executed.
A site to behold -
Jacobins accepted
Jacobin Constitution accepted by the Convention -
Metric system of measures adopted.
in France -
The Terror
“Law of Suspects” initiates the Terror. The fact tha victims are hunted down, though innocent.. for not siding with Robespierre and his followers. -
Marie-Antoinette tried and executed.
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Rbespierre a Dictator?
Robespierre, the Committee of Public Safety and Jacobin Club denounce the Hébertists and Dantonists on framed-up charges and execute all the popular leaders. Robespierre becomes virtually the dictator. -
Guillotine deaths ,Reign of Terror
Victims will go to the guillotine now in batches of 50 or 60 at a time. An estimated 2,750 are executed of whom the great majority are poor. -
Robesierre executed
Charged with unnessecary executions, trie to evade through his speechskills, is tried and executed -
True recognition of Napoleon established
Napoleon assumes command of French army in Italy. -
Napoleon becomes Consul
Napoleon Bonaparte named “First Consul,” now the effective dictator. -
End of the Agricultural Revolution
End of the Agricultural revolution 15th-19th centuries, start and follow up on the industrial revolution -
Napoleon consecrated as Emperor.
Crowns himself as Emperor, in France -
End of child labour in the industrial revolution
England passes a factory act against it. -
Industrial Revolution affects the world England
Petrol refining first used.
Natural Science Honours School established at Oxford. -
Bell invents the telephone.
ftr many years of hard wor, Graham is successful increating a prototype of an actual soud transferring Telephone -
Microphone invented.
The Microphone is invented after Graham Bell's telephone -
The Industrial Revolution affects the world , Germany
Benz develops first automobile to run on internal- combustion engine. -
Indutrial Revolution affects the world , France
Eiffel Tower. is built and Hertz produces radio waves -
Industrial Revolution affects the world, Persia
Persian rise in the oil industry and trade with England, -
Airplane inented
Wright brothers make first powered flight. -
The Industrial revolution affects the world, America
Henry Ford mass-produces the Model T.