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Jan 1, 1095
The Crusades
The Crusades was a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Western European Christians to reclaim control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims. This fighting continues for many years, and the city switches from Cristian to muslim control several times, taking its toll on the land as well as the people. -
Jan 1, 1517
Lutheranism
Lutheranism beliefs consists of salvation comes thru faith, the belief God grants salvation to those who hear his Word preached to them and realize they are damned without God's grace. Today it is considered is a major branch of Protestant Christianity it also identifies with the teachings/beliefs of Martin Luther King. -
Jan 1, 1521
Protestant Reformation
The protestant Reformation is the movement in which it was thought that the Catholic church needed to be revived. They started becoming less strict on who could be members of the church. Members began to climb during this period. -
Mar 30, 1531
Predestination Movement
Was built off the belief that the calvinist doctrine established, that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some are left to fend for their self in hell. a common saying was "Good works could not save those whom 'predestination' had marked for the infernal fires." -
John Winthrop
Was more of a time period, 12 January 1587/8 - 26 March 1649, that led a group of English Puritans to the New World, and established the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629, he was then elected their governor/leader on April 8, 1630. Between 1639 and 1648 he was voted out of governorship but re-elected a total of 12 times. -
Anne Hutchinson
Puritan merchant's wife- held meetings criticizing Boston ministers of Catholic heresy was excommunicated because of her methods of faith, so she went to Roger William's settlement founded Portsmouth in 1638. She also believed in antinomianism. She sone of the first challengers in the new lands to Puritanism. -
Puritans
The Puritans first came to America in 1620 on the Mayflower. they were called the "Pilgrams" and were attempting to separate from the Anglican church and and escape the religious persecution in England by traveling to America. Other Puritans soon followed them to America hoping to "purify" the Anglican Church and develop a colony which would be a model to the world otherwise known as ("a city upon a hill") -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
King Charles gave a group of Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government however it was not considered a democracy. -
Maryland Colony
This Colony was founded by Lord Baltimore in 1634. It was Designed to be a refuge for Catholics from persecution in England and to make profit off of new citizens. Gained success and income with tobacco farming and use of indentured servants (before heavy use of slavery). -
Roger Williams and Rhode Island
Roger Williams did not completely agree with Massachusetts teachings. So he left and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom. Later was reified to other people. -
Baptists
Another branch of christianity. These individuals who belong the Christian belief and believe that Baptism should only be preformed on the believers of faith. They began in Amsterdam in 1609, with John Smyth as the pastor, they only baptized living adults. This began to spread to England as well. -
William Penn
Was an English real estate entrepreneur before moving to the americas. He was giving a large piece of the American land from James II of England. He was a early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, he was also one of the few colonies to have good relations with the Indians, making several successful treaties. -
The Toleration Act
Act that was passed in Maryland that guaranteed toleration to all Christians, but not to those who did not believe in the divinity of Jesus. Though it did not sanction much tolerance, the act was the first seed that would sprout into the first amendment, granting religious freedom to all. -
Quakerism
Was a religious group who refused to support the established Church of England. Were originally known as the Religious Society of Friends. Their goal was to restore the simplicity and spirituality of early Christianity. -
Pietism
Evangelical christian movement stating that personal relationships with God, promoted independent thinking in different ways. This was a German movement in the Lutheran Church. -
Pennsylvania and the Quakers
Place of refuge for the group known as the Quakers. Founded by William Penn, to protect his followers. He believed differently from the puritans, and had to escape from persecution. -
Manumission Law
Manumission is the act of a slave owner freeing their slaves.
This new Law many of the new states passed, allowed slaveholders to declare slaves free by filing papers -
Salem Witch Trials
This event consisted of hearings before local magistrates followed by court trials to prosecute people accused of witchcraft in Massachusetts. Over 150 people were arrested and imprisoned, with even more accused who were not formally pursued by the authorities. The two courts convicted twenty-nine people of witchcraft. Nineteen of the accused, were hanged. -
Enlightenment
Euro philosophical movement that advocated the use of reason and rationality to establish a system of ethics and knowledge. It was an age of optimism, tempered by the realistic recognition of the sad state of the human condition and the need for major reforms. It was less a set of ideas than it was a set of attitudes. -
The First Great Awakening
One of the most prominent movements of the 18th century was the enlightenment, which was a result of the scientific revolution. It encouraged people to value logic and reason more than just taking things at face value or accepting them by faith. People such as philosophers John Locke and David Hume led the movement. -
John Carroll
First Catholic bishop of the U.S. Was appointed bishop of Baltimore, but his diocese included all the 13 colonies. Only U.S. Catholic bishop ever to be elected by the clergy, rather than being appointed by the pope. -
The Shakers
Was a religious group that established small introverted communities. The name Shaker came from a shaking dance that the members of the group performed. The Shakers reached their peak with almost 6000 members. They did not believe in having children, and so they only relied on adoption to expand the community. -
Methodism
Was a movement of Protestant Christianity. This religion is known for concern for societal welfare and doing missionary work, as well as trying to spread the message of Jesus around by establishing hospitals, schools, and soup kitchens. It was founded by John and Charles Wesley. -
William Miller
An American Baptist preacher who is credited with the beginning of the Adventism movement. Also, a self-educated farmer from New York. Was eventually convinced from his studies. This was a religion part of the Second Great Awakening that is similar to modern day Conservative Protestants. -
Black Churches
Growth of african american churches. Black Baptist Church
The largest African American denomination, but wasn't that popular until after slavery. -
Separation of Church and State
Conversional decision among supreme court, that made the "Johnson Amendment" This states that religion could not interfere with political laws, decisions, comities, etc. -
Brigham Young
He was the successor to the Mormons after the death of Joseph Smith. He was responsible for the survival of the sect and its establishment in Utah, thereby populating the would-be state. Know- Nothing Party. Group of prejudice people who formed a political party during the time when the KKK grew. -
Second Great Awakening
Stressed philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for protestants. Attracted women, African Americans,and Native Americans. Took place both in churches and frontier camp meetings and often led to the creation of new denominations. Promise of religious fellowship attracted unchurched families. Threw out written sermons and spoke in plain language. Helped slaves prepare selves spiritually for emancipation. Stress human ability and individual free will. -
Mormonism
Was founded by Joseph Smith in western New York. After Smith was killed Brigham young then took over and moved him and his followers to Utah. They used belief in the Bible, as well as in other religious texts including the Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants. -
Church of the Latter day Saints Established
Founded by Joseph Smith when he claimed to be visited by an angel and given golden plates. The church is based in Salt Lake City, Utah. Its main holy book is the Book of Mormon. -
Dwight L. Moody
He was a big part of the social gospel movement, proclaimed the gospel of kindness and forgiveness and adapted the old-time religion to the facts of city life. He also founded an institute in 1889. -
Transcendentalism
An idea led by Ralph Waldo Emerson, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature. There was no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. -
Social Gospel Movement
This movement was led by Washington Gladden. It said that religion and human dignity would help the poor over come problems of industrialization. It Didn't focus solely on religion, but on the fact that improved living conditions begot improved morality. Gained followers during early 1900's. -
Klu Klux Klan
Started as a secret, domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern states during the civil war and eventually having national scope, believing in white supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes. They have a record of terrorism, violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions. -
The Scopes Monkey Trial
A teacher John Scopes was put on trial for teaching the idea of evolution to his science class. This raised countrywide debate on whether people believed in evolution or creationism. Furthering the argument of religious influencing our school districts, interfering with first amendment. -
Minersville School District v. Gobitis
A controversial supreme court decision. This required students to salute the flag despite religious beliefs. Later this was overturned because of first amendment. -
Everson v. Board of Education
Another controversial supreme court decision. It maintained that although public funds could be used to bus children to parochial schools, the wall separating church and state must be intact. church cannot influence state laws, or school procedures. -
Israel Established in the Middle East
The Zionist movement was successful in creating a Jewish state in the Middle east surrounding the sacred site of Jerusalem, sparking a lot of conflict in the Middle East. -
Baptist Church Bombing
Members of the KKK bomb the steps of a predominantly black church in Birmingham, Alabama as a response to Martin Luther King Jr’s recent protests and speeches. -
Lemon V. Kurtzman
n this court case, the Supreme Court struck down a Pennsylvania law that reimbursed religious schools for textbooks and salaries. -
Wisconsin v. Yoder
The case in which the Supreme Court ruled that Amish children could not be forced to go to public school past 8th grade. Cited freedom of religion as a deciding factor. -
McDaniel v. Paty
n this case, the court ruled that a state law forbidding ordained ministers from running for office was unconstitutional. -
Dodge v. Salvation Army
The Salvation Army discriminated against a pagan, Dodge, for their religion. However the supreme court found that corporations obtaining federal money could not discriminated based on religion. -
Catholic Priest Abuse Scandal
The Boston Globe brought universal media coverage on the subject that had been going on for more than a century and caused by Catholic priests abusing children. Some cases dated back into the early 1900s, but many more recent cases were prosecuted and it did not put a good light on the Catholic church since they had often tried to cover up what had happened as well.