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Early Russia
Russia was ruled by Alexander I, who was thought to be enlightened. Lessened censorship and provided other reforms. Became more reactionary after Napoleon was defeated. -
Argentina Freed
Argentina gains independence. First South American country to gain this. Represents the weakening power of the Spanish control. -
Louis XVIII
Realized change needed to made, and thus accepted the Napoleonic Code which gave the people more rights. Neither side was happy with what he did because they did not want a compromise between the two views. -
Quadruple Alliance
Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Britain met to discuss peace. Restored Bourbon lineage to France. -
Ferdinand VII
Opposed legislation and destroyed constitution. Overthrown by middle class merchants, and eventually reinstated. -
Tories
Great Britain was controlled by the upperclass because only wealthy landowners could vote, thus creating an inbalance for the working class within the major cities. The Tories passed the Corn Act, which placed high tariffs on imported grain, which increased the wealth gap. -
Burschenschaften
Secret group of university students and professors who wanted a united Germany. Burned conservative books to celebrate the 95 Theses. -
Principals of Political Economy
A larger population would lead to lower wages and more workers. A smaller population leads to higher pay, which yields more children and starts the cycle over again. -
Aix-la-Chapelle
The Quadruple Alliance agreed to remove their troops from France in return of them paying the war indemnity they owed. France was also admitted into the new group, the Quintuple Alliance. -
Karlsbad Decrees
Got rid of the Burschenschaften and placed firmer rules on Germany. No more freedom of the press and universities were kept under close watch. -
Peterloo Massacre
Protesters were attacked, and some killed. Parliament reacted by tightening rules within the country. -
Troppau
Meeting to discuss how to supress revolution in Naples. Stated that countries that seem to be of a threat because of revolution cease to be in the European Alliance. -
Venezuela/Peru
Both were freed by Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin respectively. Spanish no longer had control of them. -
Laibach
Austria was given permission to invade part of Italy. Again, Britain was against this and did not agree. -
Verona
Meeting to determine what to do with the revolution in Spain. Ultimately decided that France could step in. Great Britain did not agree to this. -
Charles X Takes Over
Compensated nobles who lost land due to the Revolution. Wanted the Church to regain control over education. -
Mexico and Central America
Portugal recognized Brazil's independence, and Britain proposed a joint agreement between them and the United States to protect this area from being attacked again. The United States refused by producing the Monroe Doctrine in response. -
Nicholas Takes Over Russia
Nicholas gets the Russian throne over his brother. He has to put down the Decembrist Revolt, which makes him even more conservative. Deported suspicious people, and strengthened secret police force. -
Greek Revolt
Greece finally gets independence after revolting against the Ottomans. Other European powers stepped in and defeated the Ottomans, but had the power to decide Greece's fate. They let Greece become an independent nation. -
Belgium Gains Independence
Belgium becomes independent after revolt. A German becomes king and the country has a constitutional monarchy. -
July Ordinances/Revolution
Issued by Charles X, and dissolved democratic ideas that were previously in place. Favoured upper middle class. -
Poor Laws of 1834
The poor were placed in workhouses were they were provided basic amenities. In return they had to work for a certain amount of hours, and they were horrendous places. -
Repeal of Corn Laws
Lowered cost of bread for the people. Reinforced ideas that were favoured by industrialists. -
Revolts in the Italian States
Revolts in many areas of Italy led to new constitutions. The king of Piedmont invaded Lombardy and lost. Austria regained Lombardy and Venetia as a result. -
On Liberty
Book that supported the freedom to have whatever opinion you wanted. Also supported the equal rights of women.