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Iroquois: farmers, great fighters, live in the south, long houses, semi-sedentary Algonquins: Canadian Shield & Appalachian Mountains (north), nomadic, tipis, hunters & gatherers
- No sense of private land ownership *
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Explored & mapped Gulf of Saint-Lawrence.
Reported what he thought was gold, but was fish, timber & furs. -
Sailed up St-Lawrence, reached Stadacona (Quebec).
Some natives showed Europeans how to survive winter & scurvy.
They return w/ native captives (incl. Chief Donacona). -
Attempted to set up colony (didn't work).
Missionaries attempted to convert natives.
France lost interest for 60 yrs. -
The king sent a voyage to establish a settlement in Nova Scotia.
Samuel de Champlain was a part of it.
It failed: position. -
Champlain returned (1608-09) to establish a trading post near Stadacona (Quebec), which was then named New France.
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Iroquois are defeated by the French
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King of France mandated the Company of One Hundred Associates to populate the colony.
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Champlain put Sieur de Laviolette in charge of finding 2nd settlement at the confluence of St. Maurice & St. Lawrence rivers.
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Paul Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, founded Ville-Marie close to Hochelaga (Iroquois village). Purpose: evangelize the Amerindians. It soon became a major trading post.
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The First Intendant was Jean Talon. His job was to populate New France.
Immigrants (3 main groups): engages, soldiers and the Filles du Roy.
He also implemented a policy to increase the birth rate (ex: fathers were fined if they had single 16 yr old daughters & single 21 yr old sons [or older]). -
King of France mandated Jean Talon to take a census of the population to determine how many men could be recruited for the military.
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The war between the French and the Iroquois' Five Nations ended with the signing of it.
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France gave away the territories inhabited by the Maliseets & the Mi'kmaqs without mentioning their presence in the region.
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Arrival of british merchants in cities (not enough to change the composition of the population).
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France gave New France to the British, who then changed its name to Provine of Quebec.
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Their arrival impacted on the formation of the population & the settlement of the territory.
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The start of Irish immigration due to the Irish Potato Famine.
Scottish & English also, but mostly in cities.
Conditions during the passage were bad & disease spread.
Cholera epidemic. -
Slavery is abolished in Canada
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Following the rebellion of the Patriotes in 1837 & 1838, the government united Lower Canada & Upper Canada into one, the Province of Canada. French Canadians = minority
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Approximately 90 000, mostly Irish, landed on Grosse-Ile escaping the Potato Famine.
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British North American Act. Sharing federal-provincial powers with regard to immigration matters under the BNA act.
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Immigrant recruitment to populate the Canadian & land grants & handing over of land to rail companies to settle the west.
