-
Nov 17, 1529
Giovanni de Verrazzano's exploration
1524: Italian navigator Giovanni da Verrazzano sets sail for the west on a mission of discovery for king François the 1st. He explores the American east coast between Florida and Newfoundland. He names these new lands , in honour of king François the First. In 1529, his brother Girolamo writes on his map of these new. The name of Nouvelle-France (New France) will finally become the norm to identify the French possessions of Northeastern America. -
Apr 20, 1534
Discovery
Jaques Cartier dicovered New France 1534 by sailing up the Saint Lawerence River and planting a cross in the Gaspé Peninsula and claimed the land in the name of King Francis I -
Nov 17, 1560
Portuguese Conflict!
Villegagnon establishes in Brazil a protestant French colony named «la France antarctique» that the Portugese later destroy in 1560 after numerous conflicts between French protestants and catholics -
Jun 24, 1562
No Success
France attempts to found colonies in Florida, with no success -
Travel
King Henri the Fourth names marquis Mesgouez de La Roche lieutenant général of the countries of Canada, Terre-Neuve, Labrador and Norembègue and gives him monopoly of the fur trade. La Roche leaves with 10 soldiers and 40 «peasants and beggars» for the île de Sable, off the coast of the actual Nova Scotia. After a revolt, the 11 surviving colonists are brought back to France. -
Discovery of Quebec
In 1608,sponsered by Henry IV .Pierre Dugua,Sieur de Mons andand Samuel de Champlain founded the city of Quebec with 28 men, the second permanent French settlement in the colony of Canada.Colonization was slow and difficult. Many settlers died early, because of harsh weather and diseases. In 1630, there were only 103 colonists living in the settlement, but by 1640, the population had reached 355 -
Champlain at war
In 1609, Champlain, along with two other French companions, accompanied by his Algonquin, Montagnais and Huron allies, travelled south from the St. Lawrence valley to Lake Champlain, where he participated decisively in a battle against the Iroquois, killing two Iroquois chiefs with the first shot of his Arquebus. This military engagement against the Iroquois solidified the position of Champlain with New France's Huron and Algonquin allies, bonds vital to New France in order to keep the fur trade -
Conversion
Arrival of the first Récollets missionaries from Rouen, France. Their mission is to teach christianity to the Indians. -
The First Habitant of CANADA!
An apothecary by the name of Louis Hébert decides to bring his family and claim a piece of land in the vicinity of Québec city for farming purposes. He thus becomes the first "Habitant" of Canada. -
Becoming Governor of New France
Champlain was named Governor of New France. Richelieu then forbade non-Roman Catholics from living there. Protestants were required to renounce their faith to establish themselves in New France; many therefore chose instead to move to the English colonies. -
Permission from Champlain
Under the orders of Champlain, the Sieur de La Violette travels to the mouth of the Saint-Maurice river to found a fur trading post and a fort. It will come to be known as Trois-Rivières. For a long time, this site will be one of the most advantageous for the activities of fur traders. -
Champlain's Death
Samuel de Champlain died on this day from a stroke -
Creation of LACROSSE
A Jésuite missionnary observes the Hurons while they play one of their favourite games. The curved stick they use reminds him of a bishop's so he names it «la crosse» -
The First School for Girls!
Marie de l'Incarnation and the Ursulines (first order of nuns to establish itself in New France) found in Québec a school for girls. They welcome Native as well as French girls. -
Beginning of thw WAR...
Beginning of the first French-Iroquois war -
Jesuit Missions
In 1642, they sponsored a group of settlers, led by Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, who founded Ville-Marie, precursor to present-day Montreal, farther up the St. Lawrence.[17] Throughout the 1640s, Jesuit missionaries penetrated the Great Lakes region and converted many of the Huron natives. The missionaries came into conflict with the Iroquois, who frequently attacked Montreal. -
Capture!
The Jésuite priests Isaac Jogues and René Goupil, are taken prisoner by the Iroquois. Young adventurer Guillaume Cousture, a "coureur des bois", was also taken prisoner. The brave captives are brutally tortured and will be known to future generations as the «Saints Martyrs Canadiens». -
Thank you god
In Ville-Marie, Maisonneuve erects a big cross on the Mont Royal to thank God for saving the young french settlement from a threatening flood. The first Montréaliste child is born in 1648 -
Saving Montreal...
Dollard des Ormeaux and his friends save Montréal from an Iroquois attack, at the price of their lives -
Marriage in Quebec
Arrival of the «filles du roi» (the King's daughters, approximately 775 women). The majority of them will establish themselves in the city of Québec and about half of them will marry there. -
Cancelling the Contract,
Louis XIV cancels the contract of the Compagnie des Cent Associés since it had failed to transport thousands of settlers to New France. The king thus takes direct control of the colony and establishes a Royal Government, composed of a gouverneur, an intendant and the Conseil Souverain. Louis XIV's most important minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, is to see to the well-being of the colony through the Ministère de la Marine. -
Oh No An Earthquake!
A terrible earthquake strikes Québec city and its area. Mère Marie de l'Incarnation describes this disaster in one of the letters she sends to her son in Paris. -
Lous XIV
New France becomes a royal province under Louis XIV. The Sovereign Council is created to administer the colonies under the absolute authority of the King. -
War!
Jean Talon becomes the intendant of New France and the colony knows a great period of growth and prosperity. On that same year, Louis XIV send the Carignan-Salières regiment to counter the Iroquois threat. Of the 1300 soldiers who set foot in the colony, about 400 will choose to stay and found families -
Great News!
Ville-Marie (Montréal) now hast 582 inhabitants ! -
Military Service
Louis XIV orders that all the valid men of New France between 16 and 60 years of age must do their mandatory military service. Every parish will have its militia. -
Lake Michigan
Jesuit brother Claude Allouez is the first European to officially reach lake Michigan -
Hudson Bay Company
A British royal charter establishes the Hudson's Bay Company -
Ohio exploration
The intendant Talon sends Louis Jolliet and father Jacques Marquette to explore the Mississippi, the Missouri and the Ohio rivers and claim them for France -
Lousiane
Cavelier de La Salle reaches the end of the Mississippi and names the territory «Louisiane» in honor of King Louis. -
Rise of Poulation!
La Nouvelle-France now has a population of 10 275 habitants (compared to about 160 000 in New England). -
Lachine Massacre
1500 Iroquois warriors, by order of the English, secretly land in Lachine, on the island of Montréal. During the cowardly night attack, the Iroquois slaughter 24 inhabitants and take about 90 prisoners. Of those, 42 will return to the colony, the rest are brutally tortured and burned alive in Iroquoisie. This sad event is known as the Lachine Massacre. -
French beat British!!!!
A British fleet, under the commandment of Admiral Phipps attacks Québec. Phipps sends a messenger to Gouverneur Frontenac, commander of the French troops, and demands that he surrender in the next hour. Frontenac answers: "I have no reply to make to your general other than from the mouths of my cannons and muskets!" The English are beaten and Québec is saved. -
Defence of an old Fort
Madeleine de Verchères, a 14 year old girl, courageously defends an old fort with two old soldiers against an Iroquois attack that lasts more than a week. -
Peac e made
The Great Peace of Montréal is finally signed between the French and the Iroquois. This treaty allows the development of new parishes and villages on the island of Montréal. Lamothe-Cadillac founds Détroit, a western military outpost. -
Invasion without success
The British mount an invasion of Québec and Hovender Walker is named Commander-in-chief. As the impressive fleet penetrates the Saint-Laurent river, eight ships hit reefs and sink, causing the death of 900 people. The war council decides to turn back. -
Brithish and the French
With the signature of the Utrecht treaty, France must abandon Newfoundland and the Hudson Bay to the British. New France is now strategically surrounded by British territories. -
Population Increasining!
By 1720, Canada had become a self-sufficient colony with a population of 24,594 people. -
disguise
A young woman disguised as a boy is arrested by the authorities for having lied about her true name, sex and religion. Esther Brandeau, a 20-year old Jewish woman, has travelled to Nouvelle-France under the name of Jacques La Fargue. Jews and Protestant Huguenots having been denied access to the colony by the king, she is sent back to France. It is the only attested Jewish presence in Nouvelle-France history. -
New France
Two sons of explorer La Vérendrye survive their father and reach the Rockies. New France is then an enormous empire that goes from Hudson Bay to the Mexican Gulf (through all the american midwest), and from Acadie to the Rockies. But it is a fragile giant. -
Canada becomes a country!!!!:)
Canada became a country on July first 1867. Canada day is celebrated every year to show how much canadians are happy and proud of being canadian and to celebrate when canada became a country -
British North America
The portions of the former New France that remained under British rule were administered as Upper Canada and Lower Canada, from 1791–1841, and then those regions were merged as the Province of Canada from 1841–1867, when the passage of the British North America Act of 1867 instituted home rule for most of British North America and established French-speaking Quebec (the former Lower Canada) as one of the original provinces of the Dominion of Canada.
