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Pope Gregory VII reformed to free the Roman Church from the control of European Political rulers. His Papacy ended 1085
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Englands most important legal document, and possibly the most significant in Western History. Defined legal rights of freedom in England. Wrtiten by Cardinal Stephen.
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Led the Protestant Reformation. Wrote the 95 Thesis and nailed it to the Wittenburg door.
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Established Church of England in 1534. The reason for this was because he wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon, but the Roman Cotholicism would not allow such a thing.
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John Calvin was born in 1509 and died in 1564. He agreed with Luther on the creator-redeemer distiction.
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When King Edward was named king at age ten, his closest advisor was a man named Archbishop Cranmer who actually was a man who supporrted Martin Luther and John Calvin. The Reformation increased in followers greatly while King Edward VI was King.
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When Queen Mary I was enthroned, her eyes were focused on killing all of the protestants - thus the nickname "Bloody Mary." Protestants fled for their lives to Geneva, where John Calvin was at the time.
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While Bloody Mary was active in her slaughter, Protestants fled to Geneva where they translated the Bible into English. This Bible is now known as the Geneva Bible.
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John Ponet wrote
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Sir Edward Coke (Cook) was a principle authority on the Common Law during the seventeenth century. Coke believed that the King was under God and under the law.
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While Queen Elizabeth's reign, Protestant began to gro win number, although Queen Elizabeth did not encourage their efforts, she did not stop them. Queen Elizabeth never married, and thus aquired the nickname "The Virgin Queen."
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French Huguenots were members of a Protestant Reformed Church of France. They were inspires by John Calvin in about the 1530's, and called themselves "Huguenots" around 1560's.
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This Colony was run by Ralph Lane. When he left some men behind, he never heard from them again. 90 men, 17 women, 9 children all disappeared and were never heard from again.
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When the last of the Tudor Family died, the next in line to rule was King James I. Since Queen Elizabeth I left no heir, King James ascended to the throne all the while inforcing the Divine Right of Kings. This is the first of The Stuart Family.
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King Charles I became king in 1625. Son of King James I, husband of Henrietta Maria, and father of 6 (Charles, Mary, James, Elizabeth, Henry, and Henrietta.)
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Jamestown was founded by London Company (later to be known as Virginia Company) in 1606. The men who first aquired Jamestown consisted of 104 men and boys.
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The Mayflower Compact was created because some people were afriad that people would make their own colonies and have rule over them. The Mayflower Compact was made for fairness, comfort, and assurence from the power-hungry.
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An English politician, republican political theorist, and lived from 1623-1683.
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Written by Sir Edward Coke (cook) in 1628. Outlines the specific principles that the king from interfering. It was produced by the English Parliament.
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John Locke was born in 1632 and died in 1704. Known as the father of Liberalism. He was a big influence in the Enlightenment.
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John Harvard was a puritan who left (in his will) 400 books to be dedicated to a seminary in Boston. The school was named after the man who was the first to give to it. It was founded in 1636.
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Thomas Hooker and his fellow puritans were becoming quesy with the Massachusetts poitical issues. Hooker did not like the fact you HAD to be a church member to vote in civil matters. Hooker led his fellow puritans to Connecticut River valley and founded Connecticut. The Fundemental Orders were like the general idea of the Constitution.
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The English Civil War lasted from 1641 till 1649. It started because people were having conflicts between being loyal to King Charles I or not being loyal. Those were the two sides in the war.
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A preacher who wrote a book saying that kings ruled by "Divine Right" apart from legal restraint. Samuel Rutherford wrote a book called "Lex Rex" refuting John Maxwell.
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Lex Rex - Law is King. This book contemplated thoelogical and political ideas of Calvin as they were transferred through the French Huegonots into the hands of the Scottish Presbyterians and English Puritians.
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Westminster Confession was authored by Samuel Rutherford. It was a result of both puritans AND presbyterians accepting the ideas in Rex Lex.
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King Charles I was tried for treason and tyranny in 1649. King Charles I was executed, thus is the defeat of King Charles I.
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John Wise was born in 1652 and died in 1725. He was a preacher who was very involved in politics in Massachussits.
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Oliver Cromwell was a rival of King Charles I. He became Lord Protector after King Charles I died.
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When King Charles I died, King Charles II ascended to the throne and reigned over the people. This time was named The Restoration.
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When King Charles II died, King James II ascends to the throne. He reigned until 1688
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Parliament forces James from the throne without violence. Known as the Glorious Revolution or the Bloodless Revolution. James' daughter, Mary, weds Prince William of the Netherlands are offered the throne of England by parliament.
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During this time things were not going as planned so people started blaming the devil. They said that there were witches living amongst them so they sought to find them out. About twenty to twenty five people died during this "hunt."
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Founded in 1693 to propagate the Christian word. It was founded with the same reason of Harvard: they feared that their colony would lack educated clargy.
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Founded in 1701 in New Haven, Connecticut as an alternative to Harvard. Ten ministers founded Yale.
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Was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Family business was owning a brewery.
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Sir William Blackstone was bornin 1723 and died in 1780. He wrote a book called "Commentaries on the Laws of England" which won instant acclaim throughout England.
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America experienced an American revival and this was called The Frist Great Awakening. It stemulated colonists' love of learning.
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Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independance. He also studied at the College of WIlliam and Mary.
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Princeton University is also known as The College of New Jersey. It was founded in 1746.
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Known for his quote: "No taxation without representation." Spoke out about liberty and freedom.
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In March 1770 a few teens threw snowballs at a British officer. Other officers arrived and the had quite a row. One man shot and killed a man named Sam Grey (and American), as well as an african-american man named Crispus Attucks, and altogether five men were shot.
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Samuel Adams and other people were fed up with being taxed, and now they had a tax on tea. This had gone too far. Adams and his followers went to Boston Harbor and climbed aboard a ship that held tea. While dressed as indians, men and women dumped loads of East Indian Tea into the harbor.
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Thomas Jefferson was the principle author of The Declaration of Independance. He drew from the Magna Carta, The English Common Law, Medieval and Protestant resistance theories, The English Bill of Rights, and the Petition of Right.
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The King of England made a proclamation in 1775 saying that "The colonies were engaged in open and avowed rebelion." He was saying that they were rebeling and he did not like that.
