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Was the commander of the Albanian soldiers sent to sultan to restore imperial control. In 1805 he became the official ottoman governor. In 1811 he got rid of the Mamlucks land privileges.
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Muhammad instituted the French practice of conscription. For the first time since the ancient days of the pharaohs Egyptian peasants were compelled to become soldiers. He also establishes schools for training artillery, cavalry officers, army surgeons, and military band masters.
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In 1805 Janissaries revolted against Selim and killed Christians in Serbia. After this event Selim was unable to reestablish ottoman rule over Serbia.
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Greece received there independents from the Ottoman Empire in 1829. This was due to the Ottoman Empire weaking and needing to reform their empire.
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In 1830 Muhammad son invaded Syria and instituted some if the changes already in Egypt. The improvement to the Egyptians was from 1821 to 1831 when Ibrahim had commanded an expeditionary force to help the sultan.
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In 1841 Muhammad was forced to withdrawal to the borders of Egypt, this was because the British and other European nations forced him to. Theses limitations on his on his army and navy forced him to dissolve his economic monopolies and allowed Europeans to undertake business ventures in Egypt.
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The Crimean war was started when Russia made a treaty with the Ottomans this treaty gave the Russians the power over there orthodox subjects. In 1852 the sultan bowed to British and French pressure and named Frances the protector of the Holy Scripture. Russia was mad so they invaded ottoman territories. Then Britain and France went to war as allies of sultan.
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The war ended in 1877 when the ottoman government became heavily depend on foreign loans.
