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After the Battle of Somme, Canada was in need of more soldiers. Canada then turned to conscription. French Canadians opposed the conscription because they felt no loyalty towards Britain or France. This caused a great rift between French and English people of Canada.
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In 1936 The Union Nationale was created. It was a conservative and nationalist provincial political party in Quebec and help power until 1939, and again 1944 to 1960 and finally 1966 to 1970.
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Duplessis was strong about the old ways and kept Quebec from progressing. Roman Catholic church backed him up and discouraged people going to school.
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Canada voted for conscription. The vote was passed, and French people were still did not agree. However people could choose where they wanted to serve.
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The Quiet Revolution (Révolution tranquille) was a time of rapid change experienced in Québec during the 1960s. There was the creation of the Welfare State and many political changes during this time.
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Maitre Chez Nous was considered the the father of the Quiet Revolution. He created many changes and modernized Quebec as a result.
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Militantly supported the Quebec sovereignty movement. It was active between 1963 and 1970, and was regarded as a terrorist organization for its violent methods of action.
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During Pearson's time as Prime Minister a different Canadian flag was designed to signify Canada's Independence from Britain.
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This policy now allowed people from Asian countries to come to Canada.
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This was an investigation to determine why English Canadians and French Canadians disliked each other. It was also to solve this problem.
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Pierre Trudeau became the Prime Minister who was French Canadian
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The Official Languages Act stated that French would be the second language of Canada. Trudeau passed it to make French Canadians feel as though they were also true Canadians.
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Retaliation to Quebec Crisis (October Crisis). Streets were shut down and there was a set curfew.
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Members of the FLQ kidnapped the provincial cabinet minister Pierre Laporte and the British diplomat James Cross. The kidnappers murdered Laporte, and negotiations led to Cross's release and the kidnappers' exile to Cuba.
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Canada would adopt multicultural policy. This meant that Canada would recognize and respect its society, included diversity in languages, customs, religions, and so on.
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Bill 22 was an act of the National Assembly of Quebec, commissioned by Premier Robert Bourassa, which made French the sole official language of Quebec, Canada.
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The Parti Quebecois in 1976 was led by René Lévesque. They beat the liberals in the provincial election. The PQ was committed to winning independence for Quebec as a non violent separatist party.
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In 1976, Canada embraced the Immigration Act that fused the ideas of the Geneva Convention into domestic law. This caused refugee acceptance to be cut out. They made this decision on economic criteria. There where other restrictions on refugee claims due to the large quantity of claims and the expanding number of people filing deceptive claims. Despite this the amount of fraudulent claims grew.
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In 1976 René Lévesque introduced Bill 101 to replace Bill 22. For René a new language law was very important.
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This bill enforced that French must be the language used by governments, courts and businesses in Quebec. It also increased restrictions on English schools including not letting children attend English schools unless at least one parent had attended an English School in Quebec. This caused an uproar in Quebec and across Canada.
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In 1980, Quebec had their first referendum that focused on the issue of sovereignty vs association along Canada. When a political issue is led to a direct vote by all citizens in Canada. Quebec proposed that they would be an independent state. This meant they would control their own taxes, socials policies, citizenship and immigration. Around 90% voted in Quebec and 60% voted no. This meant that Quebec would continue to be part of Canada.
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Prime Minister Trudeau in 1982 introduced the Constitutional Act so that Canada’s constitution would reside to Canada. This Act meant that Canada would be repatriated. This meant that they cut the symbolic link between the Canadian parliament and Great Britain.
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In 1982, Canada transferred the British North America Act, their highest law, from the jurisdiction of the British Parliament. This was a connection from the colonial past.
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In 1984, Brian Mulroney became Prime Minister and lead the Progressive Conservative party. Mulroney helped create the Free Trade agreement with the United States as well as oversee the Goods and Service Act. He also tried to persuade the Quebec government to sign the constitution.
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the Reform Party appeared during the 1993 federal election but it wasn’t until the election of 1997 that they became known as the official party of opposition. The Reform Party was made due to Western discontent. The Western provinces believes that their concerns where not being taken into consideration from the government in Ottawa.
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Bloc Quebecois is a federal political party that is dedicated to Quebec nationalism. It was created by members of the parliament who disagreed with the federal Progressive Conservative Party and Liberal Party during the fall of the Meech Lake Accord.
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In 1987, Prime Minister Mulroney and other premiers met at Meech Lake to change the constitution to involve Quebec. Mulroney’s mission was to create constitutional harmony by including Quebec. All ten of the primers were able to agree at Meech Lake. This lead to three years competing to get unanimous consent from Ottawa and the other provinces. This was because some groups had concerns about the accord including the fact that the clause referred to Quebec as a “distinct society”.
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The Canadian Multicultural Act created a framework for the official policy of multiculturalism from the government in 1971. The act was set to protect the cultural heritage of Canadians, reduce discrimination and advocate for multicultural programs within organizations.
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The Meech Lake Accord became known as the Quebec Round of constitutional amendments. Some provinces including Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and Manitoba did not approve the accord. After Elijah Harper, the leader of Manitoba and First Nation leader declined to sign the accord. Not all ten premiers endorsed the accord which lead it to fail.
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In 1992, there was another attempt to bring Quebec into the constitution after the Meech Lake Accord. The leaders met in Charlottetown to create a new accord that supplied aboriginal self government, Senate reform, common healthcare, and other issues. It is also known as Canada Round because it included a Canada clause as well as the distinct society clause made for Quebec. In the end only four of the ten provinces approved because they felt that the provisions were to big and vague.
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In 1994 Parti Quebecois won the Quebec provincial election against the Liberals which lead Jacques Parizeau to become the Premier of Quebec.
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After the elimination of Charlottetown, many French Canadians felt that the rest of Canada did not care about their needs. Jacques Parizeau in 1995 commenced a referendum about Quebec's sovereignty. They held it to decide whether to separate Quebec from Canada. The “non” side won only by 50.6% votes. Parizeau decided to resign after the referendum and Lucien Bouchard took his place. There still has suspicions whether Quebec would legally separate from Canada.
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In 1998, the Supreme Court decided that Quebec does not have the right to separate from Canada by themselves. To have independent Quebec would need to arrange the federal government, the other nine provinces, and the First Nations in Quebec to agree. In addition there would need to be a referendum where there was a clear majority. In 1999 the Canadian Government made the Clarity Act that stated that in the future Quebec must ask a clear question and win a fair majority.
