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Jan 1, 1289
Beginning of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire(part 1)Ottomann derived from the name of the founder of the dynasty, Osman Bey in 1289. He was 'bey' or chief of a band of seminomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Anatolia in the thirteenth century. -
Period: Apr 1, 1289 to
Ottoman Empire
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Jan 1, 1326
Capture of Anatolia
First success was the capture of Anatolia city of Bursa, which later became the capital of the Ottoman empire. -
Jan 1, 1352
Foothold in Europe
The Ottomans established a foothold in Europe when they seized the fortress of Gallipoli while aiding a claimant to the Byzantine throne. -
Jan 1, 1453
Capture of Constantiople
Constantinople was capture during the rein of Mehmed II, 1451-1481, which opened a whole new door for Ottoman expasion. he made it the new capital of the Ottoman empire shortly after because of its location and heritage. -
Jan 1, 1499
The Beginning of the Safavid Empire
Safavid EmpireIn 1499 a twelve-year-old boy named Imail left the swamps of Gilian near the Caspian Sea, where he had hidden from the enimies of his fmaily for five years, to seek his revenge. Two years later he entered Tabriz at the head of an amry and laid claim the ancient Persian imperial title of shah. Shah Ismail, 1501-1524, also proclaimed that the official religion of his realm would be Twelver Shiism, and he proceeded to impose it, by force when nessessary, on formerly Sunni population. -
Period: Jan 1, 1501 to
The Safavid Empire
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Apr 3, 1509
Fight between Ottoman Turks and Safavids
The Ottoman Turks and Safavids fought over the fertile plains of Iraq for more than 150 years. The capture of Baghdad by Ismail I in 1509, was only followed by its loss to the Ottoman Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent in 1534. -
Jan 1, 1514
Battle of Chaldiran
They deployed heavy artillery and thousands of Janissaries equipped with firearms behind a barrier of carts. Although they had friearms at their use, they did not use them because they saw them as unmanly and unreliable. -
Jan 1, 1518
Selim the Grim
The Ottomans continued their expansion in the early sixteenth century when sultan Selim the Grim occupied Syria and Egypt. -
Apr 3, 1524
Fatal blow to the Safavid empire
The Safavid Empire received a blow that was to prove fatal in 1524, when the Ottoman sultan Selim I defeated the Safavid forces at Chaldiran and occupied the Safavid capital, Tabriz. -
Jan 1, 1526
Suleyman the Magnificent
Suleyman the Magnificent also defeated and killed the king of Hungary at the battle of Mohacs, which consolidated Ottoman power north of the Dunube. -
Period: Jan 1, 1526 to
The Mughal Empire
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Apr 3, 1526
The beginning of the Mughal Empire
In 1523 Zahir al-Din Muhammad, known as Babur, a Chaghatai Turk who claimed descent from both Chinggis Khan and Tamerlane, suddenly apperaed in northern India. With the aid of gunpower weapons, including noth artillery and firearms, Babur mounted invasions in 1523 and 1525, and he took Delhi in 1526. This marked the begnning of the Mughal empire. -
Apr 1, 1534
Conquered Baghdad
This was the feat of Suleyman the Magnificent, 1520-1566. He promoted expansion both in southwest Asia and in Europe. However with this capture, he added the Tigris and Euphrates valleys to the Ottoman domain. -
Apr 3, 1540
Mughal battle lost to Sher Shah
In 1540, Humayun again faced Sher Shah in battle, and this time, the Mughal defeat was total. Sher Shah chased Humayun and his brothers, who had uncharacteristically united in the battle, back to Agra. The four brothers continued west to Lahore, in the far north of Hindustan, while Sher Shah reached Delhi and proclaimed the replacement of the Mughal Empire with his own dynasty, the Sur. -
Apr 3, 1540
Humayun driven out
When Babur died, his son Humayun inherited a difficult task. He was pressed from all sides by a reassertion of Afghan claims to the Delhi throne and by disputes over his own succession. Driven into Sindh by the armies of Sher Shah Suri, in 1540 he fled to Persia, where he spent nearly ten years as an embarrassed guest of the Safavid court of Shah Tahmasp. -
Prince Salim becomes Jahangir, "Seizer of the World"
Jahangir was assisted in his artistic attempts by his able wife, Nur Jahan. The Mausoleum of Akbar at Sikandra, outside Agra, represents a major turning point in Mughal history, as the sandstone compositions of Akbar were adapted by his successors into opulent marble masterpieces. Jahangir is the central figure in the development of the Mughal garden. -
Jahangir's most famous garden.
Dal lake, Srinagar, KashmirThe most famous of Jahangir gardens is the Shalimar Bagh on the banks of Lake Dal in Kashmir. -
Shah Mosque of Isfahan
Built during the Safavid period, it is an excellent example of Islamic architecture of Iran, and regarded as one of the masterpieces of Persian Architecture. The Shah Mosque of Esfahan is one of the everlasting masterpieces of architecture in Iran. Its construction began in 1611, and its splendor is mainly due to the beauty of its seven-colour mosaic tiles and calligraphic inscriptions. -
The Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal is widely acclaimed as the best example of Mughal tomb architecture, and is indeed famous all over the world as one of India’s most enduring architectural symbols. Begun in the fifth year of the reign of Shah Jahan as a monument to his dead wife Mumtaz Mahal, the Taj is located on the banks of the river Yamuna in Agra. -
The end of the Safavids
Once again the eastern frontiers began to be breached, and in 1722 a small body of Afghan tribesmen won a series of easy victories before entering and taking the capital itself. Mahmoud Khan, an Afghan chieftain and a vassal of the Safavids, attacked Persia and captured Esfahan with virtually no resistance, thus ending the Safavid dynasty. -
The fall of the Mughal Empire
Cheesey Mughal EmpireAurangzeb presided over a troubled empire during his reign, 1659-1707, he faced rebellions thorughout his reign, and religious tensions generated conflicts between Hindus and Muslins. He was a devout Muslin and did not tolerate Hindus in his kingdom. This caused much of the turmoil during hsi rule and essentials broke the empire into fragments of what it once was. -
End of the Ottoman Empire
After almost 700 years of unbroken succession the empire was dissolved in 1923.
