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By the 7th century CE, the Arab cavalries converted to islam, uniting them and creating the Islamic caliphate.
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The newly Islamic arab cavalries took over eastern and southern Mediterranean and the Persian empire during the 7th century CE.
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Gold was discovered in the Tigris river and was then traded.
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The Abbasid caliphate decided their capital would be Baghdad.
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After the Arab cavalries conquered parts of the Mediterranean and Persian empire, they conquered Turkish and Spain regions of Central Asia in addition to northwestern india.
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Muslim merchants were the first to use the compass for naval navigation.
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With the spread of sugar, African slaves began being imported to the Persian gulf in order to manufacture and produce sugar.
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Sugar was grown in the northern end of the Persian gulf with the use of slaves.
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After the spread of Indian mathematical ideas, Muslim scientists and mathematicians discovered and coined ways of algebra and trigonometry.
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During the same time as sugar, cotton was being grown and harvested in Islamic empires for trade markets.
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By 1000, sugar had spread to different climates across Islamic empires, causing the creation of new irrigation systems. Because of this, sugar became a staple in Spain and the Middle East.