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during her reign, Queen Elizabeth I of England had frequent conflicts with parliament. many of the arguments were over money because he treasury did not have enough funds to pay the queen's expenses. by the time the queen died she had left a huge debt for her successor to deal with.
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Already king f Scotland, James Stuart became King James I of England.
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King James I died and his son Charles I took over the reign.
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Charles I was forced to call parliament again, which forced him into signing a petition of rights
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Charles I dissolved Parliament and refused to call it back in session. To get money, he impose all kinds of fees and fines among the English people
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Parliament passed laws to limit royal power.
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Charles tried to arrest leaders but they escaped. Equally furious a mob of Londoners raged outside the palace. Charles fled to London and raised an army in the north of England where people were loyal to him.
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supporters and opponents of King Charles fought the English Civil War. Those who remained loyal were called Royalists while opponents were called cavaliers.
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By 1644 the puritans found a general who could win the war. by 1645 his new army began defeating the cavaliers.
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Cromwell called Charles to trial for treason against Parliament. He was found guilty do they beheaded him.
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Cromwell now had the reins of power. in 1649 he abolished the monarchy and House of Lords
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he ruled until he died
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Cromwell died and a new ruler bu the name of Charles II began the reign. Crowds shouted as Charles II entered London because he created what is called the Restoration.
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During Charles II's reign he passed a law by the name of Habeas Corpus which guaranteed freedom. this law gave every prisoner a right to obtain a document ordering that the prisoner be brought to a judge to specify charges against the prisoner.
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Charles II died and James II became king. James II offended his subjects by displaying his Catholicism which violates English law.
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Mary was James II's oldest daughter. she married William of Orange. Seven members of the parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow James for the sake of Protestantism. When William led his army to London in 1688, James fled to France. This bloodless over throw was called the Glorious Revolution
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The Bill of Rights was make to clear up the limits of royal power. This was made by Parliament
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After 1688 no British monarch could rule without consent of parliament. During the 1700s this potential problem was remedied by the development of a group of government ministers, or officials called the cabinet.
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England and Scotland united.
