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Iron working, allowed agriculture
Hill forts: economical capital of the tribes -
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Gave Britain its sense of identity by naming Britannia and Londinium.
Reading and writing (latin) only for the Upper Classes, tradesmen and landowners.
Left a lot of names of places. Endings like -chester, -caster (castra=military camp)
Left because Rome was being invaded -
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Every territory had a King, elected by the Witan
Land divisions: shires
New technologies in agriculture
Each district: “manors”
597:
- Saint Augustine: catholicism. Brought rulers to the faith. Concentration of religious power in the monarchy.
- Celtic Church: Interested in the hearts of the common people
Monasteries: education
* Anglo saxon chronicle
An ecclesiastical history of English people by Bede. -
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King Alfred of Wessex fought against them
The Danelaw is a historical name given to the part of England (North and East) in which the laws of the Danes held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. -
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William the Conqueror: Last invasion
Establishment of Feudal system
Concentration of lands and owners in a few hands and with this a new stratification of society.
Coronation ceremony: homage -
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The king didn't go beyong his rights as a landowner
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Re-shaping of society; self awareness; new idea about dying and living→ selfcentrism
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1425-1600
Anthropocentrism
The reformation: Rupture State/Church
Displacement of education to royal grammar schools, improving literacy -
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Elizabethan Era
Flourishing of Arts
Literature
Music
Theatre: meeting point where social classes were diluted. Moralizing and entertaining. (shakespeare, Marlowe) -
Ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy— Also liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state.
John Locke: father of Liberalism, Tabula rasa -
Oliver Cromwell
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During the Stuart period. It began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under the Stuart King Charles II. It followed the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The term Restoration is used to describe both the actual event by which the monarchy was restored, and the period of several years afterwards in which a new political settlement was established.
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Act of settlement: no catholic could become king.
The Bill of Rights (1688), also known as the English Bill of Rights, is an Act of the Parliament of England that deals with constitutional matters and sets out certain basic civil rights. -
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Robert Walpole played a significant role in sustaining the Whig party, safeguarding the Hanoverian succession, and defending the principles of the Glorious Revolution (1688) ... He established a stable political supremacy for the Whig party and taught succeeding ministers how best to establish an effective working relationship between Crown and Parliament.
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Wealthness for some, poorness for the majority.
Great production: going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system.
Political movements: WORKING FORCE. -
Beginning of the fight for independence.
Some MP's supported the revolution. (W. Berk, T. Paine) -
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Many people supported the revolution.
Many nobles and rich were against it.
The police was created. -
The publishing of William Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads in 1798 is taken as the beginning of Romanticism, and the crowning of Queen Victoria in 1837 as its end
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England vs France
Napoleon was defeated in Waterloo in 1815. -
2° Industrial Revolution
Poverty and unemployment
Cities grew bigger and towns disappeared
Communication and travel set the asis of globalization
- Positivism (darwin and scientific societi)
- Liberalism (Adam Smith)
Sports: mean for social justice, entertainment and modern morals
Free time: leisure time for the capitalist but set the basis for free time for lower classes
Workers rights
Re-shaping of the conception of war. -
Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform
Vote, secret ballot, ... -
Country councils
Authority of the Church weakened
Travel by pleasure (railways)
Communication increased commerce
IDEAS: Adam smith vs John M. Keynes -
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Imperialism
Propaganda
Separation of Ireland
Weakness of the Empire
Reshape of nationalism
Sufragettes movement: empowerment of women
Feminism -
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Reshape of nationalism
Modernism: break with old ideas
Existentialism: subjetivism, responsibility, meaning of life
Pessimism: life has no intrinsic meaning or value.
Army propaganda
Sexual revolution
New Feminism
Globalization -
Welfare state, dismantling of the empire, optimistic faith in the commonwealth
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The British dissappointed by their own institutions, economic unrest, conflicts with Northern Ireland.
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Malvinas war
Illusion of recovery of a lost economic splendor
The gap between rich and poor grew.
