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Henry IV becomes king
Henry IV was crowned king shortly after his brother, Henry III, dies. He was a Bourbon prince and knew that his being Protestant would create problems, he converted to Catholicism. However he did still try to create religious tolerance in Frace. -
Period: to
European Absolutism
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Edict of Nantes
Created on April 13, 1598 Henry IV granted religious tolerance to the Huguenots (French Protestants) with this document. They could finally worship freely as they felt necessary. -
James I Becomes King
James was a Staurt which meant that the last of the Tudors to rule England was Elizabeth I. At the time of her death James was the king of Scotland, of which he had no full control. He got into arguements with the English Paliament because he believed he was always right, and failed to accept the fact that others could be. -
Defenestration of Prague
The Bohemiens did not approve of the way religion was treated there so they threw Martinitz and Slawata out the window (defenestration) however they had survived by landing in piles of manure. -
30 Years War Begins
Unknown to the Bohemians at the time, the Defenstration of Prague would be the beginning of an entirely new war over religion in Germany. -
Cardinal Richelieu Strengthens Monarchy
Cardinal Richelieu strengthened the power of the monarchy by taking power away from the Huguenots, politically and military-wise. He was the chief minister to Louis XIII. -
Charles I Becomes King
When his father James I died, Charles was to recieve the throne because his elder brother Henry had died twelve years before that. He was crowned in 1625 and was the second Stuart kings of England. -
Creation of Versailles
Before the palace was built, Versailles was just a country side village that not much went on in. When the palace was built it became the center of all things polirical in France because Louis XIV wanted everyone who had political to all stay close together. -
Charles Signs Petition of Right
The Petition of Right stated that there could be no taxation without the consent of the Parliament, arbitary and illegal imprisonment. -
Long Parliament
The Parliament was created to pass financial bills so King Charles I could pay his debts for his fighing of wars. It could not be dissolved unless the members agreed upon it and passed an act for it. -
The English Civil War Begins
The English Civil War was between two groups. The Cavaliers and the Roundheads. The Cavalliers were supporters of the king, mainly nobility. While the Roundheads were supporters of Parliament and wanted change brought to France. The Roundheads seemed like the underdogs at the beginning of the war. -
New Model Army
Created by Oliver Cromwell who was also the general. This army was created for the Roundheads, supporters of the Revolution during the English Civil war and was different than other armies.They were depended on all through the war. -
Treaty of Westphalia
This is what ended the 30 Years War officially. The treaty also recognized the Dutch and the Swiss. It also gave recognition to Calvinism as a religious choice. Also weaken the power of the Holy Roman Empire. -
30 Years War Ends
The end of the Thirty Tears War had been trying to be settled for some time peacefully but made little progress until Cardinal Richelieu died in 1642. The Treaty of Westphalia is what finally ended the war for good. -
Creation of the Commonwealth
Was a joined republic between the Parliament and the Council of State in England after the civil war ended. The Council of State was trasted with the executive powers of the republic. -
Charles I is Executed
Charles had been tried and found guilty by his people and was sent to be beheaded. He was found guilty of treason, and unlawful imprisonment of others. However he took his punishment quite nobly. -
English Civil War Ends
The final battle of the war was won by the Roundheads at Worcester. The Roundheads were led to victory with the help on their general who created the New Model Army, Oliver Cromwell. -
Restoration of Stuarts
The Restoration happened when Charles II was in power and restored the monarchies of England, Scotland, and Ireland. -
Louis XIV Becomes King
Louis XIV gained rule over France when his chief minister Cardinal Mazarin died. He wanted everyone to be close and live in his Palace of Versailles. He was also a strong believer in the divine right of kings. -
Peter I Becomes Tsar
At the beginning, Peter ruled with his brother Ivan V until his death in 1692 when he was officially considered the Tsar of Russia. His rule had been during the period of the Renaissance and the Reformation, however Russia did not want to become Westernized. Peter was curious about the world so he traveled. -
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Louis XIV revoked the document along with all the religious and civil rights that were given to the Protestants to begin with. -
The Glorious Revolution
This was the invasion of England done by William III and his Dutch army , which overthrew James II resultiong in William and Mary taking the English throne. -
Signing of the English Bill of Rights
This document was signed by William and Mary. It stated ideas about rights similar to those of John Locke, for all of the countries subjects.It also made clear that the Parliament had the most authority over the people, not the king. -
Peter the Great Travels to Europe
After visiting England and other places that were more modern than Russia, Peter the Great came back with ideas to modernize all of Russia to be like the rest of Europe. He initiated reforms to be like Western culture. He wanted the country to look and dress differently, he wanted them to learn about science and technology, and even shortened the alphabet to make reading and writing easier for his people. -
Creation of St. Petersburg
St, Petersburg was a port city established by Peter the Great on the Neva River. Peter the Great Also moved the Capital there from Moscow. The port was considered to be Russia's "window to Europe". -
Death of Louis XIV
Louis XIV had a 72-year long ruling over France before he died. When he did die the heir to his throne was Louis XV, his five year old great grandson because all his sons had died before he did. -
Peter the Great Dies
Peter, who had given the name "Peter the Great" to himself, was obviously an effective leader. By the end his reign over the country, Russia had been proven to be a great nation by Western standards.
