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Religious Resistance in Europe
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The Invitation to William of Orange from the Immortal Seven
<ahref='http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/WIIIinvite.html' >The Invitation to William of Orange </a>
The immortal Seven sent a letter (Found in the memoirs of Sir John Darymple) to William of Orange asking him to invade England once it became apparent that James II of England was having a son and there was a possibility of a Catholic Dynasty. Many of the gentry and the nobility wanted to maintain the Anglican fabric of the country and thus countenanced having a Dutch ruler invade -
La Revolte des Camisards
The painting on the left depicts the violence exercised by the protestant Camisards in the Cevennes region of France. They burned down Churches and attacked priests, such was their fervent desire to protect their freedom to practice Protestantism -
The Education of the Human Race
Lessing resisted the idea of revealed religion in favor of natural religion. He felt that truths of reason were more important than revealed truths. He also felt that metaphysical understandings could not be evidenced by historical fact. Thus, he questionned the idea of Jesus Christ as god. -
The Calendar for the Cult of the Supreme Being
Robespierre created the Cult of the Supreme as a way of promoting civic duty and virtuous living within Jacobin France. The calendar was very systematized - it was based around the number 10 and it removed all references to Christianity and beliefs from the ancien regime. -
Desecration of St Joseph's Church in Vilnius
This is one of many examples of Russian attacks on Polish culture during the 19th century. In order to promote the Russian language and customs, the Russian government promoted the Russian Orthodox Church and suppressed the Catholic Church. In response Poles resisted and set up underground universities that allowed for Polish culture to continue. -
Pope Pius XII's Summi Pontificatus
Pope Pius' Summi Pontificatus stood in solidarity with the Catholic Church in poland. It condemned anti semitism and totalitarian rule. However it did not explicitly name Nazi Germany or Fascist Italy. Historians still question whether the Pope did enough in resisting Nazi Germany.
