-
Charles II of Spain lest the nation of Spain to a grandson of Louis XIV, meaning France and Spain were now joined as one nation now. The issue is that many of the people didn't like the union. England and Holland went to war to split the two nations up. The Treaty of Utrecht ended the violence, where the grandson ceded his ability to rule France, therefore ending the union.
-
Charles VI, Emperor of Austria, died, leaving his empire to his daughter, Maria Theresa. Frederick II of Prussia tried to use this to their advantage and launched an attack on Austria, seizing the province of Silesia. This started the war of Austrian Succession, which lasted until 1748, where Prussia won and got to keep Silesia.
-
Montesque was a political writer. His primary book, "Spirit of the Laws," focused on separation of powers. He believed that no part of government should have too much power over the rest of the state. He also believed that small states should be ruled by republics, medium size states should be ruled by monarchies, and despots should rule large states
-
In 27 years, Diderot wrote 28 volumes of his book, "Encyclopedia." It praised the ideas of the enlightenment. It was much like what we think an encyclopedia is. In the end, Diderot had to go into hiding to finish the last few volumes. Like many enlightenment thinkers, he was disliked by the powerful Catholic Church, and was in danger. It was also a large influence in the French Revolution.
-
Voltaire publishes is most famous work, "Candide." It has a sarcastic plot centered on a man who begins life optimistic, but suffers many misfortunes which shows his optimism was unwarranted. It was widely banned due to the fact it insulted religious and political institutions.
-
Catherine the Great was actually born in Germany, but she married the grandson of Peter the Great. Eventually she and several nobles became tired of her husband's rule, and they overthrew him, putting Catherine in charge. Catherine promoted arts and education, and continued Westernization.
-
Joseph II of Austria became emperor in 1764. He was one of the most progressive emperors of his time. He got rid of executions and torture. He offered the poor food, and forced the nobility to pay them for their work. Joseph II even tolerated the Protestants and Jews in his nation.
-
Adam Smith was one of the first men to advocate free market capitalism. He outlined this in his book, "The Wealth of Nations." This said that if markets were kept free from government regulation, the people participating in them would be richer, and to a further extent the government. He invented the term Laissez-faire.
-
In July 1787 Comptroller-General Lomiene de Brienne, asked the Parlement du Paris to register the tax on property of all three estates. The Parlement refused and France entered a year of intense conflict between the royal government and the parlements. On July 5, 1788, with the government at a standstill, and in spite of his misgivings, Louis XVI gave in to the demands of the nobility and issued an edict calling the Estates General to meet in May 1789.
-
In January of 1789, the Abbe Sieyes wrote a pamphlet titled "What is the Third Estate?" In it, the abbe denounced the nobility and said that the third estate was the most significant estate, in fact it was the nation. His words became the battle cry of the bourgeoisie.
-
Louis XVI calls the Estates-General-meets at Versailles. Wants to tax the first and Second Estate
-
The Estates-General was an assembly that King Louis XVI set up to come up with solutions to France's financial crisis. It was made up of three groups, which had representatives: The Clergy, the Nobility, and the Commons. They continued to have conflict until the Third Estate, the Commoners, started the French Revolution
-
There was disagreement amongst the three estates over voting methods in the Estates General. The third estate wished to have a "vote by head" method, whereas the First Estate and Second Estate wanted "vote by bloc" (1 vote per estate).
-
Representatives of Third Estate have their own idea - They want a whole new
government for France - Declare themselves the National Assembly - Want
representatives of all the estates to meet together and discuss all problems in france. -
The Third Estate was locked out of its meeting room as preparations were being made for a royal session of all three estates. Confused and angry, the delegates met instead at an indoor tennis court on the palace grounds and signed an oath not to disband until they had drawn up a new, fair constitution for France.
-
The Bastille, which represented the French authority at the time, was stormed on this day. This was the first violence from the National Constitutional Assembly, marking the beginning of the French Revolution. The Batsille was a state prison that was infamous for holding the King's prisoners.
-
Peasants start attacking nobles kill them - rob them
• Many nobles flee France. -
• National Assembly - Vote to end all feudal privileges - abolish nobility - make the
“Declaration of the Rights of Man + Citizen -
Women of Paris Mob march to Versailles to demand lower prices for bread - invade
Versailles - bring King and Queen back to Paris -
The nationalization of Church lands was the first step in state control of the Church. On July 12, 1790 the National Assembly passed the Civil Constitution of the Clergy to bring the clergy under government control. Clergy would now be elected by all citizens and their salaries paid by the state. The clergy were required to swear an oath of allegiance to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, essentially it required the clergy to acknowledge the supre
-
King tries to flee to Austria in order to avoid signing the new constitution, and to get
Austrian support to overthrow the revolution. He is caught, and forced to sign the constitution -
France becomes a constitutional monarchy (Liberal)
Legislative Assembly is created -
France declares war on Austria and Prussia
Marie Antonetteʼs brother is the Emperor of Austria
French thought that Austrians are plotting against them -
French are losing the world, they look for someone to blame an they arrest the king and
blame him. They try him for treason they claim that he is shipping plans and writting
letters to Austrians and plotting the revolution -
Execute Louis XVI, “guillotine”
-
All of the other countries in Europe is headed by Kings- they join Austria and Prussia in
the War of the First Coalition, Now France is fighting everyone in Europe
France now has to make a new government, Republic!, hold elections for a new
government were all men can vote, National Convention, the revolution is now more
radical (most radical government change) -
National convention works on a new constitution, a small group of Jacobins rule the
country----> Committee of Public Safety led by Robespierre(they create the Reign of
Virtue and Terror
All men can vote
Liberty equality, brotherhood
Metric system-rational!!
Made a new calendar - scientific/revoltuionary -
The Directory takes power
- New, conservative government
- Goal is to stop the chaos in France
- Limit voting to only wealthy men
- wealthy men vote for representatives to the “Council of
Ancients” (Senate), and the “Council of 500” (House of Representatives), these
two groups pick 5 directors to run the country (directors have absolute power) -
Napoleon takes power in a “coup dʼetat” (Cut the State) when a few people overthrow the government
-
: Treaty with Austria signed at Lunéville: Treaty of Lunéville.
Concordant of 1801. -
Battle Of Algeciras
-
Treaty of Amiens
-
-
-
Napoleon declares himself emperor
-
Introduction of Civil Code
-
-
Napoleon names his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, king of Naples, and appoints other family members to various other post
-
June 25: Treaty of Tilsit signed between Russia and France
-
Spanish people rise up against France. Often referred to as Dos de Mayo Uprising
-
Joseph crowned King of Spain, after Portugal revolts against the Continental System/Blockade Napoleon had put in place. Napoleon collected 5 armies to advance into Portugal and 'bullied' the Spanish royal family into resigning.
-
Napoleon marries Marie Louise of Austria by proxy in Vienna
-
Napoleon's son born, referred to as the "King of Rome
-
Napoleon arrives in Moscow to find the city abandoned and set alight by the inhabitants; retreating in the midst of a frigid winter, the army suffers great losses
-
Napoleon abdicates his rule and Louis XVIII, a Bourbon, is restored to the French throne
-
Napoleon is exiled to Elba; his wife and son take refuge in Vienna
-
Napoleon Dies
