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Jan 1, 1492
Isabella financed Columbus's voyage
Isabella financed Columbus’s voyage, leading the Spanish conquest of the Americans -
Jan 1, 1571
Battle of Lepanto
the battle of Lepanto, when Spain and its Italian allies soundly defeated an Ottoman fleet in the Mediterranean -
Jan 1, 1581
Dutch Netherlands
the Northern, largely Protestant provinces declared independence and became known as the Dutch Netherlands -
The Armada sails
The Armada sailed with more than 130 ships, 20,000 men, and 2,400 pieces of artillery -
Henry IV takes throne
A Bourbon prince and Huguenot leader, inherited the French throne as Henry IV -
Louis XIII
Louis XIII appointed Cardinal Armand Richelieu as chief minister -
Charles dissolved Parliament
Charles dissolved Parliament -
Civil War started
The Civil war started -
Dutch Netherlands gains recognition
The Dutch Netherlands gained official recognition -
Civil War ended
The Civil War ended -
Treay of Utrecht
France signed the Treaty of Utrecht -
Louis dies, Louis XV takes the throne
Louis dies, his grandson Louis XV takes the throne -
The great powers
the great powers of Europe included Austria, Prussia, France, Franc, England, and Russia -
Poland
the independent kingdom of Poland had vanished from the map
