Chapter 21 By Rebecca Ellinger 1492 Spain expelled the Muslims and Jews. 1533 Ivan IV (the Terrible) became the Czar of Russia. 1556 Philip II became the leader of Spain 1568 The Dutch revolt against Spanish rule begins. 1572 St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre occurred. 1581 The Dutch Republic was created. 1584 Philip II's palace, Escorial, finished construction. 1588 Philip II's Spanish Armanda was defeated by England. 1589 Henry IV became the first king of the Bourbon dynasty in France. 1598 Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes 1603 James I became the King of England. 1615 Miguel Cervantes published Don Quixote. 1618 Beginning of the Thirty Years' War 1619 Jean Baptiste Colbert became the minister of finance in France. 1628 Charles I signed the Petition of Right in England. 1640 Frederick William became the Elector of Brandenburg. 1642 The English Civil War began. 1648 The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War 1649 Oliver Cromwell became the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth in England 1660 Charles II became the King of England (thus beginning the Restoration) 1682 Louis XIV's Palace of Versailles was completed. 1682 Peter I (the Great) became the Czar of Russia. 1685 Louis XIV cancelled the Edict of Nantes. 1685 James II became the King of England. 1688 William and Mary become the King and Queen of England (Glorious Revolution). 1689 The English Bill of Rights was issued in England 1701 Louis XIV became the king of France. 1711 Charles VI became the Hapsburg ruler. 1713 Treaty of Utrecht was signed ending the War of the Spanish Succession. 1713 Maria Theresa became the leader of Austria 1728 Peter I moved the capital of Russia to St. Petersburg. 1740 The War of the Austrian Succession began. 1740 Frederick II (the Great) became the leader of Prussia 1748 The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed. 1754 The Seven Years' War began.
