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From 1485-1603 England was ruled by the Tudor dynasty. But the dynasty ended in 1603 after Elizabeth I died. She didn't have a direct heir, so the throne was passed to her relatived the Stuarts.
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Spain had emerged as the first modern Eurpean power. Under Isabella and Ferdinand they expelled all Muslim rulers.
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Charles V was the next monarch to the thrown after Isabella and Ferdinand, his grandparents.
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King Pillip II came to power and his power ended in 1598. During his reign he became an absolute monarch. And he believed that his authority to rule came directly from God.
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On St. Bartholomew's Day a massacre at a royal wedding occured, killing 3,000 Huguenots. In the following days thousands more were slaughtered.
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Outside Source After a 25 year long war with Poland, it finally came to an end. Russia lost access to Baltic and surrendered Livonia and Estonia.
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King Henry IV issued the Edict of Nates, this let the Huguenots have religious toleration.
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By the 1600's Spanish power had slowly started to decrease. Successors of Philip II were not able to continue the power as Philip had.
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While Prussia began to emerge as a Protesant power, in the 1600's the HOhenzollern family rules the scattered lands across north Germany. They united their lands after the Peace of Westphalia by taking over the states between them.
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Nine year old Louis XIII inherited the throne after his father, Henry IV, was killed.
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Year after year wars dragged on which is now known as the Thirty Years War.
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When Charles I inheited the throne he was like his father. He behaved like an absolute monarch. He arrested foes without trail and took money from the people.
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When Charles I summoned the Parliament to help with taxes, The Parliament had him sign the Petition of Right, it said that the king couldn't raise taxes without the Parliament's consent or imprison anyone without their consent.
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Five year old Louis XIV inherited the throne.
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Outside Source From 1647-1652 the Great Plague had spread across the county and had reached Spain, killing 1.2 million people in Spain.
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Exhausted combatants accepted a series of treates known as the Peace of Wesphalia. The war ended with a European peace and an attempt to settle international probelms.
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Charles I is executed. He tells the executioner to wait for his signal to be executed, he gives a small prayer before giving the signal.
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Outside Source Louis XIV, known as the "Sun King", reigned from 1661- 1715. He centralized the government around his own person and used arts to build his monarchy. (In book):
Louis XIV rules for 72 years in France, the longest of any other monarch. -
Outside SourceCatherine is born and later on will be Russia's empress.
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Peter the Great came to the throne at age ten but did not take control of the government until 1689.
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Outside Source The Bank of England is set up to help the government, especially with wars.
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By this time Hapsburg empire included Germans, Magyars, Slavs and others. Languages varied throughout it. And in many parts of the empire, people had their own laws and customs.
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When rivals went to war to maintain the balance of power, those wars started worldwide conflicts. This starting the Seven Year's War.
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At this time, Peter began the long war afainst Sweden, Russia's neighbor that had control of the Baltic region.
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Peter the Great began the long war against Russia's northwestern neighbor, Sweden. Sweden at the time dominated the Baltic region.
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During his time Peter had expanded Russian territory, gained ports on the Baltic Sea, and created a large strong army. Peter the Great died in 1725.
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Maria Theresa set off for Hungary to ask for military help when Frederick II seized rich Hapsburg province. After convincing Hungary to help she later got help from Britian and Russia.
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This was the year Frederick II inheirited the Prussian throne. At an early age his father had taught and trained him the art of war. And by this time Prussia was strong enough to challenge Austria.
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By this time the great powers of Europe inclued Austria, Prussia, France, England and Russia. They formed various alliances to help keep the blance of power equal.
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The start of the Seven Year's War started and was fought on Prussia, Austria, Russia, France, and Britain.
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Catherine's husband, Czar Peter III, who was mentally unstable, was murdered.
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The Seven Year's War comes to an end after starting in 1756.
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Outside Source During the Napoleonic wars, Austria lost some territory. In 1805 they lost Venice, Tyrol, and part of Dalmatia to Napoleon.
