-
Dec 10, 1533
Reign of Ivan the Terrible
Ivan came to throne in 1533 when he was only a child at the age of three. The boyars disrupted his life with struggles for power among Russia's landowning nobles. The years 1547 to 1560 were known as Ivan's "good period." Ivan was the first Russian ruler to use the title of czar, meaning "Ceasar." -
Jan 1, 1555
Reign of Philip II
Philip was a shy Emperor and was deeply religious. But he could very well be aggressive for the sake of his empire. Philip imported a large quantity of gold and silver from the Americas during his rule. Philip was also looked at as a defender of Catholicism. -
Period: Jan 1, 1555 to
Timespan
-
Jan 1, 1572
St. Barholomew's Day Massacre
In Paris, The St. Batholomew's Day Massacre was a six-week nationwide mass killing of Hugenots. The Hugenots were attending the marriage of Catherine's daughter to a Hugenots. Most of the Nobles died. Henry was one of the few who survived. -
Reign of Henry of Navarre
Henry decended from the popular medieval king Louis IX. Henry was a robust, athletic, smart, and handsome leader. When Catherine died, he inherited the throne in 1589. Henry proposed a decleration of religious rights in France to help heal the wounds of the religious wars that it had suffered. This decleration was called the Edict of Nantes. in 1610 a Crazy fanatic of Henry's jumped into a carriage of his and stabbed him to death. -
Signing of the edict of Nantes
In 1598, Henry took a step towards healing France's wounds of religious dismay by signing the Edict of Nantes. This decleration proposed that Hugenots could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship. -
Reign of James I
James became the king of England. England and Scotland were not united until 1707, But when they became united, they shared James as their ruler. James inherited the unsettled issues of Elizabeth's reign. James died in 1625. -
Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years War was a conflict over religious problems, territory, and power among European families. their were two main phases to the war: The Hapsburg triumphs, and the Hapsburg defeats. The war was ended with the Peace of Westphalia. -
Reign of Louis XIII
After the death of Henry, Louis XIII took the throne. Louis was a weak king, so in 1624, he appointed someone else to make up for all of his weaknesses. This person was a minister named Cardinal Richelieu. -
Cardinal Richelieu appointed
Cardinal Richelieu became, in effect, the ruler of France. He had most of the power over the French people. He enjoyed persuing ambitions and practicing authority. Though being Louis' minister he could practice these qualities. He moved against the Hugenots, sought to weaken the nobles power, and planned to make France the most powerful state in Europe. -
Reign of Charles I
Son of James, Charles I took the throne after his father died in 1625. He was always in need of money due to the wars he was in with Spain and France. -
English Civil War
The English Civil War lasted from 1642 to 1649. The war was mainly between the supporters and opponents of King Charles. The side who remained loyal to the king were Loyalists or Cavaliers. Those who opposed him were the Puritans. in 1649, the Loyalists had King Charles put to death for treason. -
Reign of Louis XIV
In Louis' rule, he claimed that he was the state of France. He thought that he was more important than all of his people. He spent a immense amount of money on glorifying himself and making his castle almost a small royal city. Louis increased the power of Intendants, who were men who worked for the council and collected taxes. Louis also weakened the power of the nobles. -
Louis XIV assumes full control of France
Louis XIV was only four years old at the beginning of his ruling. He stated, "L'etat, c'est moi," meaning, "I am the state." Louis saw himself and the state as one in the same. Even having this attitude, he eventually became the most powerful ruler in French history. -
Signing of the Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War. The treaty weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria. It also strengthened France by awarding it German territory. A big result of the treaty was that it ended the religious wrs in Europe. It introduced a new method of peace negotiation whereby all participants meet to settle the problems of a war and decide the terms of peace, Which is still used today. -
Reign of Oliver Cromwell
After King charles' death, Cromwell had the reins of power. He abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords. He also established a republican form of government. -
Restoration of English Crown
King Charles II restored monarchy to his people. For this reason his rule was known as the Restoration. Because Charles II did not have a brother, people were debating who would inherit the throne after his rule. They came to the conclusion that his brother James would take over after him. -
Palace at Versailless started / ended
Louis required hundreds of nobles to live with him. Because of this he built the Palace of Versailles, roughly 11 southwest of Paris. Everything in the palace was immense. the royal courtyard was dominated by a huge statue of Louis. The palace stretched for about 500 yards. In later years, the construction of the Palace led to economis problems and eventually revolution. -
Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was a bloodless overthrow of King James II. When William led his army into London in 1688, James fled to France. William was married to a woman named Mary, who was a protestant. Mary was also the daughter of King James himself. -
English Bill of Rights
In 1689 parliment drafted a Bill of Rights. This bill had a list of many things a ruler could no longer do during his/her rule. William and Mary consented to these and other limits on their royal power. -
Reign of Peter the Great
Peter was one of Russia's greatest reformers. He also continued the trend of czar's power. Peter also shared the throne with his half brother. But in 1696, he became the sole ruler of Russia. -
War of Spanish Succession
When countries felt threatened by the Bourbon Dynasty's power, several other states in Europe joined together to prevent the union of French and Spanish thrones. The war dragged on until 1714. -
Reign of Frederick the Great
Frederick, was not military enough to become a ruler. But eventually he followed his father's military policies when he came to power. However, he did lighten up some of the laws that his father had proposed. He encouraged religious toleration and legal reform. -
Reign of Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa was almost guaranteed a peacful reign. But in contrast, she faced years of war. Prussia was a major enemy of hers, which was a state to the north of Austria.
